Amino Acid Composition of Muscle Proteins of Diploid and Triploid Tench (Tinca tinca, Linnaeus 1758)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the composition of amino acids (in % of total determined amino acids) between diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) tench of identical genetic specifications and raised under the same conditions, in relation to sex (F-female vs. M-male) and age (T 3 -36 months vs. T 3+ -42 months). A total of 38 mixed samples of muscle tissue from 137 tench divided by sex, ploidy and age were analyzed. The effect of ploidy and sex on the composition of the spectrum of amino acids of muscle proteins was greater in the T 3 tench population. The following differences in values were found: female fish (ploidy effect): Thr (p < 0.05), Arg (p < 0.05), Pro (p < 0.01) Gly (p < 0.01); male fish (ploidy effect): Ile (p < 0.01); diploids (sex effect): Arg (p < 0.05); triploids (sex effect): Pro (p < 0.01). In the T 3+ tench population, highly significant (p < 0.01) differences in Gly contents in female fish (ploidy effect) and triploids (sex effect) were found. Lower levels of the following amino acids were found in muscle tissue of T 3+ tench compared with the T 3 (younger) tench population: Val, Phe, Lys, His, Arg (in F 2n and M 3n), Pro (in F 3n) and Tyr. Levels of Thr, Ile, Leu, Arg (in M 2n and F 3n), Asp, Glu, Gly and Ala, on the other hand, were higher in T 3+ tench. Results of the present study suggest that the qualitative and quantitative compositions of some amino acids bound in tench muscle proteins may be statistically significantly influenced by such biotic factors like sex, ploidy and age. Fish, tench, genome manipulations, polyploidy, essential and non-essential amino acidA large number of research teams study the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids of bodily tissues and fluids of fish. They mainly focus on investigating the effects that diets (different contents of proteins and lipids) may have on the composition of free amino acids (FAA). In different species of fish, considerable variations in the composition of amino acids, particularly in studies of free essential amino acids (FEAA) in blood plasma, are demonstrated. A high degree of correlation between diet composition and FEAA levels in blood plasma in the common carp has been reported by, e.g., Plakas et al. (1980), Dabrowski (1982, Schwarz et al. (1984), Zeitler et al. (1984) and Ogata (1986), in the rainbow trout by Kaushik and Luquet (1977 a,b), Walton and Wilson (1986), Yokoyama and Nakazoe (1991) and Yokoyama et al. (1994), in the salmon by Ogata and Murai (1994) and in the sturgeon by Kaushik et al. (1994). Schwarz and Kirchgessner (1988) found that dietary levels of crude protein (CP) exceeding 41% cause a significant increase in certain free non-essential amino acids (FNEAA), while high-energy diets (over 18.2 MJ) will cause their reduction.

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“…theory, might influence the composition of amino acids in body tissues of the fish. Several amino acids (Thr, Ile, Pro, Gly, Arg) in muscle of tech (Tinca tinca) were of a significant change by triploidy inducing (Buchtová et al, 2005). However, the muscle amino acids content and proportion of diploids and triploids were basically the same, which was similar to the report of Kizak et al (2013).…”

A review on the potential of triploid tench for aquaculture

“…Buchtová et al (2004) Amino acids % of total amino-acids 3n in T 3 slightly more Thr, Ile, Pro, Gly, less Arg 3n in T 3? slightly more Gly Buchtová et al (2005b) diploid ones). However, these differences decreased with the growing season and after it the only difference found was in higher content of non-essential Gly in triploid females than in triploid males and diploids of both sexes.…”

“…Triploids were found to have more favourable flesh composition and quality in terms of dry matter, net-, net muscle protein and fat after a growing period. From the point of view of flesh quality for human consumption, other studies of these authors (Buchtová et al 2004(Buchtová et al , 2005b showed slight ploidy and sex-related differences in content of essential aminoacids (in percent of total amino-acids investigated) in tench of T 3 age (more Thr and less Arg in triploid females than in diploid ones, more Ile in triploid males than in diploid ones), as well in non-essential aminoacids (more Pro and Gly in in triploid females than in Polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-6 sum % of total fatty acids 2nM C 2nF C 3nM C 3nF in T 3? Buchtová et al (2004) Amino acids % of total amino-acids 3n in T 3 slightly more Thr, Ile, Pro, Gly, less Arg 3n in T 3?…”

Changes in nutritional parameters in diploid and triploid African catfish Clarias gariepinus following chlorpyrifos exposure

“…*Significant (p < 0.05) differences compared with control value skin gelatin of diploid and triploid C. gariepinus (Karami et al 2016b). In contrast, the muscle of diploid and triploid tench Tinca tinca showed differences in free AA composition, indicating species-specific differences (Buchtová et al 2005). In the present study, the most dominant AAs in both ploidies control groups were glutamic acid and aspartic acid, representing about 2.7 and 1.8 mg g −1 (wet weight), respectively.…”

“…The increase in the number of genes in triploid organisms compared to diploids may change nutri tional composition such as fat content, AA, and FA composition (Buchtová et al 2005, Taylor et al 2013. No significant differences in AAs, most of the FAs, and proximate composition indicated that gene dosage had minimal impacts on nutritional values in C. garie pinus.…”