A review on the potential of triploid tench for aquaculture

Abstract

Performance and physiological traits and health of spontaneous and induced triploid tench are reviewed. Triploidy is best induced with cold shock; with triploids exhibiting 13.5-51.5% better weight gain, 2.69-3.94% higher slaughtering value, 20-60% lower gonadosomatic index, 0.9-4.5% higher dry matter in flesh and up to 107% more flesh fat than diploids, if farmed untill post sexual maturity. Triploids exhibit more abdominal fat and less polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 groups in the flesh. Triploid females are sterile, while triploid males may produce aneuploid spermatozoa with varying DNA content (1-1.9n) which may initiate development of embryos. Triploids have milder seasonal dynamics in their erythrocyte profile than the diploids. Thinner diffusion distance in gills of triploids than in diploids is interpreted as adaptation to lower aerobic capacity. Triploids show neither stronger tendencies to anatomic malformations, nor have bigger affinity to parasitic diseases than the diploids. Production of triploid tench could be an economically interesting method of farming to higher marketable weight, bringing a relatively high product quality.

Triploidy does not decrease contents of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in filets of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

“…Moreover, higher percentage of EPA and DHA in mature diploids compared to that of triploids, found by other authors (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ozorio et al, 2012;Manor et al, 2012Manor et al, , 2014Ribeiro et al, 2012), was confirmed in our study. It should be emphasized, that immature diploid fish did not differ significantly from triploids concerning EPA and DHA percentage.…”

“…worth to emphasize that triploid organisms are found naturally represented in wild populations and according to the regulations across the European Union, fish produced by induction of triploidy are not considered as genetically modified organisms (Flajshans et al, 2010). Due to are sterile and at adult stages exhibit better growth than their diploid counterparts, because the 53 sterility prevents energy loss for gamete production and negative effects of sexual maturation for 54 meat quality (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ozorio et al, 2012).Moreover, the use of sterile triploids in aquaculture can reduce the risks of propagation of non-native escapees into the wild (Ozorio et al, 2012;Ribeiro, Gomes, Vieira, Tabata, Takahashi, & Moreira, 2012).…”

“…Due to are sterile and at adult stages exhibit better growth than their diploid counterparts, because the 53 sterility prevents energy loss for gamete production and negative effects of sexual maturation for 54 meat quality (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ozorio et al, 2012).Moreover, the use of sterile triploids in aquaculture can reduce the risks of propagation of non-native escapees into the wild (Ozorio et al, 2012;Ribeiro, Gomes, Vieira, Tabata, Takahashi, & Moreira, 2012). Nevertheless, in spite of the better fillet quality of triploids because of the prevention of mobilization of stored lipids for gonad development, they were reported to have a lesser sum of PUFA in the flesh compared to diploid individuals (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ozorio et al, 2012;Manor, Weber, Salem, Yao, Aussanasuwannakul, & Kenney, 2012;Ribeiro et al, 2012;Manor, Weber, Cleveland, & Kenney, 2014). Therefore, it was suggested to improve PUFA content in muscle of triploids by dietary supplementation of PUFA (Ribeiro et al, 2012).…”

“…It is important to note, that All the above data on less PUFA in triploids were based on measurements of their percentages in total fatty acids (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ozorio et al, 2012;64 65 Manor et al, 201264 65 Manor et al, , 2014Ribeiro et al, 2012). Meanwhile, it was demonstrated, that to for estimation of nutritive value for humans, measurements of PUFA per mass of consumed filets, rather than their percentage in total fatty acids should be carried out (Gladyshev, Sushchik, Gubanenko, Demirchieva, & Kalachova, 2007;Gladyshev et al, 2012;Huynh& Kitts, 2009).…”

“…Triploidy was confirmed by measuring the length of the nucleus major axis of erythrocytes (Flajshans et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2012). For each specimen, 50 nuclei were measured.…”