AMINO ACID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CHANNA STRIATUS (HARUAN) THAT EXHIBITS ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY

Abstract

1. The present study was performed in order to determine the amino acid and fatty acid composition of an aqueous extract of the freshwater fish Channa striatus, obtained by soaking (1:2, w/v) fresh fillets overnight in a chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) solvent, to elucidate the mechanism responsible for its antinociceptive activity and to clarify the relationship between the presence of the amino and fatty acids and the expected activity. 2. The aqueous extract was found to contain all amino acids with the major amino acids glycine, alanine, lysine, aspartic acid and proline making up 35.77 +/- 0.58, 10.19 +/- 1.27, 9.44 +/- 0.56, 8.53 +/- 1.15 and 6.86 +/- 0.78% of the total protein, respectively. 3. In addition, the aqueous extract was found to have a high palmitic acid (C16:0) content, which contributed approximately 35.93 +/- 0.63% to total fatty acids. The other major fatty acids in the aqueous extract were oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2) and arachidonic acid (C20:4), contributing 22.96 +/- 0.40, 15.31 +/- 0.33, 11.45 +/- 0.31 and 7.44 +/- 0.83% of total fatty acids, respectively. 4. Furthermore, the aqueous extract was demonstrated to possess concentration-dependent antinociceptive activity, as expected, when assessed using the abdominal constriction test in mice. 5. It is concluded that the aqueous extract of C. striatus contains all the important amino acids, but only some of the important fatty acids, which are suggested to play a key role in the observed antinociceptive activity of the extract, as well as in the traditionally claimed wound healing properties of the extract.

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Sesame Oil and Sesamin

“…These models are also related to drugs that act on supreespinhal level through mechanisms of pain modulation [53]. Our results demonstrated that the oral administration of the sesame oil and sesamin exerted significant prolongation in the response latency time to the heat stimulus (Figure 3 and Table 1) and are in agreement with the action of fatty acids [7,54] and sesamin [46] against thermal-induced nociception. In addition, the analgesia induced by the sesame oil may be associated to the opioid system, since previous treatment with naloxone not completely changed the observed data, but blocked the effect of the sesamin (Figure 3).…”

In vivo Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Dried and Fermented Processed Virgin Coconut Oil

“…The main fatty acids found in VCOA in- cluded lauric (50%), myristic (18%), caprylsic (9%), palmitic (7%), capric (7%), oleic (5%) and stearic (3%) acids, while those of VCOB include lauric (47%), myristic (19%), palmitic (9%), caprylic (8%), oleic (6%), capric (6%) and stearic (3%) acids. Fatty acids such as oleic and stearic acids have been shown to attenuate the activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes leading to the suppression of inflammatory processes [21] . It is suggested that the proportion of fatty acids integrated into membrane phospholipids affect membrane fluidity, which in turn can influence cell function.…”

“…It is suggested that the proportion of fatty acids integrated into membrane phospholipids affect membrane fluidity, which in turn can influence cell function. This is due to the fact that membrane fluidity is affected by the chain length and saturation of phospholipid fatty acids [21] . The presence of unsaturated (i.e.…”

Genetic structure of the snakehead murrel, Channa striata (channidae) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene: influence of historical and geomorphological factors

“…Hence, in order to effectively conserve and manage the fish, vital information on relevant population genetics is required, specifically through assessment of its genetic diversity and structuring for potential brood-stock identification. Previous studies have focused on reproductive biology (Ali, 1999), medical and pharmaceutical properties (Baie and Sheikh, 2000; Michelle et al , 2004), biochemical composition (Zuraini et al , 2006; Zakaria et al , 2007), ecology (Lee and Ng, 1994; Amilhat and Lorenzen, 2005), breeding (Haniffa et al , 2000), diet (Roshada, 1994; Arul, 2008) and morphological characters (Chandra and Banerjee, 2004), with only limited available information on population genetics of the species, especially in Malaysia. Ambak et al (2006) and Mat Jais et al (2009), when examining the genetic structure of snakeheads from Peninsular Malaysia based on RAPD and RFLP data, reported a positive co-relation between hydro-geographic factors (mainly due to the Titiwangsa Mountain Range) and population genetic differentiation, respectively.…”