Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A New Nanoantibiotic for Bone Infection Treatment

Abstract

This manuscript reports an effective new alternative for the management of bone infection by the development of an antibiotic nanocarrier able to penetrate bacterial biofilm, thus enhancing antimicrobial effectiveness. This nanosystem, also denoted as “nanoantibiotic”, consists in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with an antimicrobial agent (levofloxacin, LEVO) and externally functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO) as targeting agent. This amine functionalization provides MSNs of positive charges, which improves the affinity towards the negatively charged bacteria wall and biofilm. Physical and chemical properties of the nanoantibiotic were studied using different characterization techniques, including Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N

Mixed-charge pseudo-zwitterionic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with low-fouling and reduced cell uptake properties

“…This amount of loaded LEVO was estimated through elemental analysis at approximately 2% for MSNs and 4% for ZMSN-1.5. These results could be explained based on a greater affinity of the amine entities present in ZMSNs towards LEVO moieties, which favors the incorporation of the antibiotic inside the mesopores, as is it has also been described in amine-functionalized MSNs materials [13,52]. Furthermore, N 2 adsorption porosimetry data of loaded systems verified a much larger reduction in surface area, pore size and volume for the ZMSN-1.5 systems, which is in accordance with the larger extent of LEVO insertion within the mesopores (see Supporting Information, Table S2).…”

Recent Advances Toward the Use of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections

“… Silica system modified with poly-ions. MSNs Ionic liquids Membrane lysis None None E. coli None None 66 MMT-MSN D-C18-TMSACl Membrane lysis Water-repellant None None E. coli S. aureus None None 67 MCM-48 MSN D-C18-TMSACl D-C14-TMSACl Membrane lysis Biocidal Parmetol S15 None Sea bacteria Sea cells None 110 HMSNs D-C18-TMSACl Membrane lysis Biocidal Metronidazole None S. aureus, E. coli P. gingivalis None None 68 MCM-41 MSNs ε-poly-L-lysine Membrane sensitizing HKAI pH-driven lysine detachment E. coli S. marcescens Caco-2 Zebrafish 69 MCM-41 MSNs DAMO Membrane sensitizing Levofloxacin None E. coli S. aureus None None 70 …”

Concanavalin A-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for infection treatment

“…Briefly, pure silica MSNs were synthetized by the well-known modified Stöber method [27] and externally functionalized by grafting an alkoxysilane bearing carboxylic acid groups, which allows the final anchorage of ConA by reaction with the amine groups present in the protein. LEVO loading was carried out by impregnation method in ethanol [13], and always before ConA grafting to prevent protein denaturation.…”

“…For further applications in bacterial infections, MSNs has proven to be a multifunctional and versatile solution, since they have advantages in all stages of combatting the infection including early detection, drug release, targeting bacteria or biofilm, antifouling surfaces and adjuvant capacity [11]. Specifically, once the biofilm has been formed, the use of these nanocarriers could be quite potent since their surface can be functionalized with targeting agents that increased the affinity towards biofilms and favor higher treatment efficiency [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”