Ames assay chromatograms and the identification of mutagens in diesel particle extracts

Kinetic Studies of Heterogeneous Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Aerosols with NO3Radicals

“…36−38 The oxidation products observed in this study are mutagenic and carcinogenic and are recognized to be secondary air toxics. 1,2,19,39 Effective Rate Constants. According to the mixed-phase relative rate expression presented in the previous studies, the effective mixed-phase ratio of rate constants (k PAH /k ref ) eff m can be typically expressed as follows: 40,41 …”

Atmospheric Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds

“…1,2) These compounds are predominantly produced from a wide variety of anthropogenic sources such as the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels for industrial plants, heating, as well as diesel powered vehicles. [3][4][5] NPAHs, which generally exhibit higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity than the parent PAHs, are also generated from atmospheric reactions of PAHs released into the gas-phase with radical species such as OH and NO 3 radicals and nitrogen oxides.…”

Comparative mutagenicity assessment of aerosols in emissions from biofuel combustion

“…The photooxidation and aging of residential wood smoke in presence of sub-ppm levels of nitrogen oxides and ozone was shown to cause a 2-10 fold increase in the direct-acting mutagenicity due to formation of nitro-PAHs (Kamens et al, 1984). Organic solvent extract of diesel engine exhaust particles have been shown to be directly active in the Ames assay and Salmeen et al (1984) has demonstrated that although 30-40% of this mutagenicity could be attributed to nitroarenes (mono-and di-nitro pyrenes and fluoranthenes) about 15-20% was associated with unidentified polar compounds. However, the toxicological implications of high direct-acting mutagenicity based on bacterial assay is as yet unclear.…”