American Drinking Practices: Summary of Findings from a National Probability Sample. II. Measurement of Massed versus Spaced Drinking

Cahalan, Don; Cisin, Ira H.

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1968.29.642

Cited by 116 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The results of this study appear to support research by Cahalan and Crisin (1968)) who found evidence of the existence of a popular impression that lowerclass individuals drink and abuse alcohol more frequently than do individuals of the middle and upper classes. Unlike their research, however, this study provides evidence that stereotypes with regard to alcoholism and alcoholics also have served to influence clinical judgments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Despite consistent research evidence that indicates that there is little noticeable difference between drinking patterns of black and white men (Cahalan & Crisin, 1968), the public believes that blacks are likely to abuse alcohol more frequently than whites. This myth appears to have influenced the clinical diagnosis of alcoholism in the present study because blacks, whether rich or poor, were diagnosed correctly for alcoholism more often than whites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Race and socioeconomic status as confounding variables in the accurate diagnosis of alcoholism

1982

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Utilized two psychologists as actors in making four videotapes to depict background information and verbal modes of communication for alcoholics according to black‐white race differences and high‐low socioeconomic status. Forty graduate psychology students (10 per group) then were shown randomly one of the four recordings and asked to make a diagnosis. A significant difference was found for the effects of race, socioeconomic status, and race X socioeconomic status interaction on the correct diagnosis of alcoholism. Results were interpreted as suggesting that a clinician's personal biases and/or prejudices might extend into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of clients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Race and socioeconomic status as confounding variables in the accurate diagnosis of alcoholism

1982

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“…Antisocial traits were quantified with the Sociability scale of the California Personality Inventory [CPI-So; Gough, 1994], a 46-item self-report measure of norm abiding and pro-social behaviors. Alcohol and drug use were assessed through the Cahalan Drinking Habits Questionnaire [Cahalan and Cisin, 1968], the alcohol use disorders identification test [Barbor et al, 1992], and a drug use questionnaire [Saunders et al, 2008]. Exclusion criteria included: a history of alcohol or drug dependence, substance abuse or depression within the past 2 months, a history of any other DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) Axis I disorder, failing a urine drug screen or breath-alcohol test on days of testing, or physical or developmental disabilities that would interfere with the subject's ability to understand or complete study requirements.…”

Section: Adult Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of whole brain white matter integrity in youths and young adults with a family history of substance‐use disorders

Acheson

Wijtenburg

Rowland

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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Individuals with a family history of substance use disorders (FH+) are at a greater risk of developing substance use disorders than their peers with no such family histories (FH−) and this vulnerability is proportional to the number of affected relatives (FH density). The risk for developing substance use disorders peaks during adolescence to early adulthood in the general population, and that is thought to be related to delayed maturation of frontocortical and frontostriatal functional circuits. We hypothesized that FH+ youth and young adults have impaired myelination of frontocortical and frontostriatal white matter tracts. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA) data in 80 FH+ and 34 FH− youths (12.9±1.0 years) and in 25 FH+ and 30 FH− young adults (24.3±3.4 years). FH+ youths had lower FA values in both frontocortical and frontostriatal tracts as well as parietocortical tracts including the anterior, superior and posterior corona radiata and the superior frontal-occipital fasciculus. Moreover, FA values in these tracts were negatively correlated with FH density. FH+ adults had lower FA values in two frontocortical tracts: the genu of the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiata and also significant negative correlations between FA and FH density in these same tracts. In both groups, lower FA values corresponded to higher radial diffusivity suggesting reduced axonal myelination. We interpreted our findings as evidence for impaired myelination of frontal white matter that was proportional to FH density. Our data suggest that deficits may partially resolve with age, paralleling an age-related decline in risk for developing substance use disorders.

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“…On as well as a wide variety of adverse personal and the other hand, the relationship between drink-social consequences (Edwards et al, 1994). The general finding is that the likelihood of such negative consequences increases with the level of consumption (Knupfer, 1967;Cahalan & Cisin, 1968;Room, 1977;Makela, 1978;Greenfield, 1986;Hauge & Irgens-Jensen, 1987;Midanik, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary drinking: a risk factor for alcohol‐related problems?

Bourgault

Demers

1997

Addiction

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This paper investigates whether solitary drinking is a risk factor for alcohol-related problems using data from a general population of drinkers in Montréal, Canada. Three indicators of solitary drinking were used: (1) having had a drink alone; (2) frequency of solitary drinking; and (3) having had five drinks or more in a solitary setting. Among the 2015 respondent drinkers of a telephone survey, 31% reported drinking alone, of whom 27% did so more than once a week, and 17% had had five drinks or more alone at least once. Problems with family or social relationships, physical health, work, budget, physical security and happiness or view of life, self-reported as being alcohol-related, were measured by seven binary items. Strong positive associations were found at the univariate level between overall alcohol-related problems and both solitary drinking and having had five or more drinks alone, whereas frequency of solitary drinking had no effect. Only the relationship with having five or more drinks alone remained statistically significant in logistic regressions controlling for potential confounders. No evidence was found that solitary drinking per se is a risk factor for alcohol-related problems unless large quantities of alcohol are involved.

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American Drinking Practices: Summary of Findings from a National Probability Sample. II. Measurement of Massed versus Spaced Drinking

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Race and socioeconomic status as confounding variables in the accurate diagnosis of alcoholism

Race and socioeconomic status as confounding variables in the accurate diagnosis of alcoholism

Assessment of whole brain white matter integrity in youths and young adults with a family history of substance‐use disorders

Solitary drinking: a risk factor for alcohol‐related problems?

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