This study involved an examination of effects of a cognitive-behavioral group condition, a reminiscence treatment group condition, and an activity group condition on anxiety and life satisfaction for senior citizens, aged sixty-five and older. No significant differences on life satisfaction and trait anxiety were found for the groups at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. A significant ANOVA for state anxiety at follow-up was followed by directional t-tests which were not significant in the predicted direction. The differences on state anxiety observed at follow-up appear to have resulted from improvement of the reminiscence group. Suggestions were made for further research on group treatment of the elderly.
Utilized two psychologists as actors in making four videotapes to depict background information and verbal modes of communication for alcoholics according to black‐white race differences and high‐low socioeconomic status. Forty graduate psychology students (10 per group) then were shown randomly one of the four recordings and asked to make a diagnosis. A significant difference was found for the effects of race, socioeconomic status, and race X socioeconomic status interaction on the correct diagnosis of alcoholism. Results were interpreted as suggesting that a clinician's personal biases and/or prejudices might extend into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of clients.
Investigated the effecacy of self‐administered cognitive therapy (RET) in the treatment of high and chornic social anxiety. Forty‐five socially anxious volunteer students, who scored in the upper 15% of 570 students prescreened with the Social Avodance and Distress Scale, were mathced on SAD scores and randomly assigned to self‐administered cognitive therapy (RET), a self‐administered attention placebo condition. (Logo‐therapy), or a no‐treatment control condition. Pretest and pssttest measures included the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), Fear of Negative Evaulation Scale (ENF), State‐Trit Anxiety Inventory, and Rotter's Internal‐External Locus of Control Scale. Results indicated that self‐administered cognitive therapy significantly decresed social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation and also suggested a generalization of effects as trait anxiety significantly decreased. Comparisons of mean change scores with therapist adminsitered studies lend support to the conclusion that self‐administered cognitivae restructuring is an suggest that paritcipants may have attanied therapeutic beneifts as a consistent trend toward decreased anxiety across variables.
This study investigated the preferences of primary psychopathic (n = 17), secondary psychopathic (n = 20), and nonpsychopathic (n = 16) prisoners for delayed versus immediate rewards. Psychopathy was determined on the basis of a combination of counselors' ratings and T scores on the MMPI Pd scale above 70. Primary versus secondary psychopathy was determined on the basis of scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Scale with low scores on the Trait scale associated with primary psychopathy. Contrary to clinical theory, primary psychopaths chose delayed rewards to the same extent as the other two groups. Furthermore, the results of a questionnaire that surveyed cognitions associated with the choices indicated a neurotic element unique to the secondary psychopaths.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.