American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Verbeek, Nicolaas A. M.; Caffrey, Carolee

doi:10.2173/bna.amecro.02

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This study was also unusual in its evaluation of a large panel of hematological and biochemical parameters, which are regularly used to evaluate the health of domestic animals (Campbell & Ellis, 2007), but can be difficult to collect in smaller passerines because of constraints on blood collection imposed by body size. American crows provided a useful system for this study because they are large-bodied (>300 g) passerines with a relatively long (>30 day) nestling periods; moreover, their high natal philopatry of both sexes (Verbeek & Caffrey, 2002) facilitated the collection of long-term survival data, which are difficult to collect in most passerines after fledging. In the following sections, we discuss the interpretation of the hematological and biochemical parameters with respect to infection by the avian hematozoa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival of nestling American crows

Townsend

Wheeler

Freund

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Many studies have used the avian hemosporidians (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Hemoproteus) to test hypotheses of host–parasite co‐evolution, yet documented health and survival consequences of these blood parasites vary among studies and generalizations about their pathogenicity are debatable. In general, the negative effects of the hemosporidians are likely to be greatest during acute infections of young birds, yet most previous studies in wild passerines have examined chronic effects in adults. Here, we evaluated responses of nestling American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) to acute infection (prevalence and burden), as well as its short‐ and long‐term survival consequences. We used panel of nine hematological and biochemical parameters that are regularly used to evaluate the health of domestic animals, including leukocyte profiles, hematocrit, and plasma proteins. We assessed the effects of infection on survival in a mark‐recapture framework. Overall, 56% of crows (n = 321 samples) were infected by at least one of the three genera. Infections by all genera were associated with elevated plasma proteins and globulins, which could indicate an adaptive immune response. However, only Plasmodium infections were associated with low hematocrit (anemia) and lower fledging success, possibly mediated by the negative effect of low hematocrit values on body condition. Moreover, early Plasmodium infection (<40 days of age) had long‐term survival implications: it was associated with lower apparent survival probability within 3 years after fledging. These results suggest that young crows mounted an adaptive immune response to all three genera. Short‐ and long‐term pathological effects, however, were only apparent with Plasmodium infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival of nestling American crows

Townsend

Wheeler

Freund

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Although habitat preferences of Texas rat snakes and Great Plains rat snakes (E. guttata) are unknown, both are common in woods, pastures, and suburban areas throughout the golden-cheeked warbler's breeding range (Tennant 1998). Abundance of corvids such as blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) and western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) is positively associated with increased development in the golden-cheeked warbler's breeding range (Sexton 1987, Engels andSexton 1994), whereas abundance of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is positively associated with increased open edge (Verbeek andCaffrey 2002, Smith 2004). Edge effects associated with open habitats and fragmentation were most evident at a local scale ( 100 m from nest) and did not extend to the landscape scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Golden‐Cheeked Warbler Nest Survival in Urban and Rural Landscapes

2009

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We evaluated hypotheses concerning temporal, landscape, and habitat effects on nest survival of golden‐cheeked warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia) in an urban and a rural landscape during the breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006 in central Texas, USA. We found support for temporal effects of year and cubic effect of date and included them in candidate models that evaluated habitat and landscape effects. Nest survival was lower in 2006 than in 2005 and decreased nonlinearly as the breeding season progressed. We found support for edge effects with decreased nest survival nearer edges and in areas with increased open edge density (wooded habitat abutting open habitat) or decreased trail density. However, confidence intervals for the model‐averaged odds ratios overlapped 1.0 for all edge variables. Overall daily survival rate was 0.964 (95% CI = 0.949‐0.975), resulting in a 25‐day period survival of 0.398 (95% CI = 0.269‐0.524). Period survival in Austin's urban landscape (0.399, 95% CI = 0.270‐0.526) was similar to survival in Fort Hood's rural landscape (0.396, 95% CI = 0.261‐0.528). Both landscapes likely support self‐sustaining populations based on reasonable assumptions for adult survival and number of nesting attempts. We suggest that some large urban preserves can provide breeding habitat of comparable quality to rural locations and recommend protecting large parcels (>100 ha) of breeding habitat with limited fragmentation and reducing the amount of wooded edge abutting open habitat to ensure nest survival regardless of their landscape context.

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“…The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is one of the most widespread North American birds, living in natural habitats and also in those associated with humans. It has an omnivorous diet that includes invertebrates, vertebrates, eggs, vegetation, carrion and discarded human food; they therefore have a high degree of interaction with humans both in where they live and what they eat (Verbeek and Caffrey 2002). In the Saskatoon region these species vary in their migratory patterns; great horned owls are often permanent residents, some American crows migrate south and American robins are fully migratory (Smith 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in Saskatoon, Canada

Parker

Sniatynski

Mandrusiak

et al. 2016

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem affecting people and animals. Few investigations describing the presence drug-resistant organisms in wildlife in North America have been published. In this study, resistant Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains, were isolated from wild birds in the Saskatoon region of Canada. We found that the recovery rate of E. coli varied significantly by species and was highest among crows. There was also a significant association between drug resistance and urban vs rural birds. Our results suggest that crows may be a good target for future studies investigating antimicrobial resistance in urban wildlife.

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American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival of nestling American crows

Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival of nestling American crows

Factors Affecting Golden‐Cheeked Warbler Nest Survival in Urban and Rural Landscapes

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in Saskatoon, Canada

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