Objective: To describe the frequency, clinical profile and treatment of patients with
urolithiasis in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of a public state
hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Methods: Retrospective study. Data from pediatric patients (age: 1 month - 18 years)
with urolithiasis admitted between January/2012 and December/2014 were
reviewed from hospital charts. The studied variables were: demographic and
anthropometric data, clinical status, family history of urolithiasis,
urinary tract infection and use of lithogenic drugs, diagnostic procedures,
associated abnormalities, metabolic disorders, treatment and recurrence.Results: The frequency of urolithiasis was 13.6%. Main characteristics of the
patients: male gender, white race, eutrophy, aged between 5 and 10 years,
family history of urolithiasis, previous urinary infection and spontaneous
stone passage. Abdominal and flank pain and macroscopic hematuria were the
most common complaints. The most frequent metabolic disorders were
hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia. Hypocitraturia was
associated with previous urinary infection (p=0.004). Abdomen/urinary tract
ultrasonography was the most commonly used diagnostic test. Hydronephrosis
occurred in 54.4% of the cases, 81.1% of the stones were in the kidneys, and
bilateral stones were associated to a family history of urolithiasis
(p=0.030). Recurrence rate was 29.3% (most patients had a metabolic
disorder). In 12.3%, the patients underwent lithotripsy, 24.5% were
surgically treated (mainly pyelolithotomy), and only 7.6% had their stones
analyzed (calcium oxalate was the main finding in the examined stones).Conclusions: The frequency of urolithiasis in these pediatric patients was similar to
that reported by the literature. A metabolic evaluation is required and the
composition of stones should be better evaluated.