Ameliorative potential of desalted Salicornia europaea L. extract in multifaceted Alzheimer’s-like scopolamine-induced amnesic mice model

Abstract

The Salicornia europaea L. (SE) plant is a halophyte that has been widely consumed as a seasoned vegetable, and it has been recently reported to counteract chronic diseases related to oxidative and inflammatory stress. In this study, we performed an initial phytochemical analysis with in vitro biochemical tests and chromatographic profiling of desalted and enzyme-digested SE ethanol extract (SE-EE). Subsequently, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and ameliorative potential of SE-EE in LPS-inflicted BV-2 microglial cells and scopolamine-induced amnesic C57/BL6N mice, respectively. SE-EE possess considerable polyphenols and flavonoids that are supposedly responsible to improve its bio-efficacy. SE-EE dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells, significantly repressed behavioural/cognitive impairment, dose-dependently regulated the cholinergic function, suppressed oxidative stress markers, regulated inflammatory cytokines/associated proteins expression and effectively ameliorated p-CREB/BDNF levels, neurogenesis (DCX stain), neuron proliferation (Ki67 stain) in scopolamine-administered mice. Thus, SE-EE extract shows promising multifactorial disease modifying activities and can be further developed as an effective functional food, drug candidate, or supplemental therapy to treat neuroinflammatory mediated disorders.

GPR4 Knockout Improves the Neurotoxin-Induced, Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis of the Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell

“…The following primers were utilised for PCR: GPR4 sense, 5′-CCGTTGTCAAGACCGGGG-3′; GPR4 anti-sense, 5′-TCCTAGGACCCCCAGAAAGCA-3′; Bax sense, 5′-CACCAAGGTGCCGGAACTGA-3′; Bax anti-sense, 5′-AATGCCCATGTCCCCCAATC-3′; Bcl-2 sense, 5′-ACGACTTCTCCCGCCGCTAC-3′; Bcl-2 anti-sense, 5′-CCCAGCCTCCGTTATCCTGG-3′; GAPDH sense, 5′-GCAGTGGCAAAGTGGAGATTG-3′; and GAPDH anti-sense, 5′-TGCAGGATGCATTGCTGACA-3′. Then, adopting the previously mentioned primers, the cDNA was amplified through PCR [ 45 ]. GAPDH was employed as an internal control to evaluate the relative levels of expression of other genes.…”

Effects of Halophyte Root Exudates and Their Components on Chemotaxis, Biofilm Formation and Colonization of the Halophilic Bacterium Halomonas Anticariensis FP35T

“…The genus Salicornia (Chenopodiaceae) is composed of approximately 25-30 plant species which are extremely salt tolerant and widely dispersed in Eurasia, North America and South Africa [4,5]. Salicornia species have been the subject of considerable research, particularly in relation to their use in food production [6], their medicinal applications [7,8], their use as a forage crop [9] and their salt tolerance mechanisms [10]. Salicornia is also considered to be a promising salt-accumulating halophyte for capturing large amounts of carbon in the atmosphere [11].…”

Preparative mass‐spectrometry profiling of minor concentrated metabolites in Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and off‐line electrospray mass‐spectrometry injection

“…Pinoresinol, a lignan derived from ferulic alcohol ( 105 ) was detected at m/z 357. A glycoside of syringaresinol (synapic alcohol derived) was found in S. europaea .…”