Ameliorative effects of hesperidin andN-acetylcysteine against formaldehyde-induced-hemato- and genotoxicity

Abstract

This study investigated the hemato- and genotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) and the possible mitigating role of hesperidin (HP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), each alone and in combination. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were divided into eight equal groups; the study was conducted for 8 weeks; Group I (negative control: received no medication), Group II (positive control: received distilled water), Group III (received HP 50 mg/kg/day), Group IV (received NAC 50 mg/kg/day), Group V (received FA 10 mg/kg/day), Group VI (FA + HP), Group VII (FA + NAC), and Group VIII (FA + HP + NAC). Groups VI, VII, VIII received the same previously mentioned doses and for the same duration. All treatments were given by intraperitoneal administration. At the end of the study, complete blood count, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and genotoxicity by comet assay in the bone marrow of treated rats were assessed. FA administration caused significant hematotoxicity represented by elevated white blood cell numbers and serum malondialdehyde levels and reduced red blood cell numbers, platelets, and serum superoxide dismutase values. Histologically, it induced an increase in fat cell numbers in bone marrow tissue with a widening of marrow spaces and decreased cellularity of hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes, and granulocytes. FA exposure significantly decreased immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, whereas the immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase was increased. Genotoxicity, as measured by comet assay, revealed a significant increase in comet% and tail length in FA-treated group when compared with other groups. The cotreatment with HP and NAC revealed their ability to protect against hematological changes, oxidative damage, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes, and genotoxicity induced by FA.

Protective Effect of Hedeoma drummondii against Formaldehyde-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Genotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Similarly, we found that the ethanolic extract of H. drummondii counteracted the deleterious effect of FA, and the group treated only with this extract showed no adverse effects on the evaluated parameters. Likewise, we can attribute the induced damage to the oxidative stress pathway activated by FA [14] and highlight the fact that the H. drummondii extract components were able to protect the testicular epithelium since not damage was observed.…”

“…Likewise, studies in rats exposed intraperitoneally to FA found changes in cells of the germinal epithelium (GE), decreased motility and sperm concentration, and increased sperm DNA fragmentation [9][10][11]. Furthermore, it has been reported that FA can increase reactive oxygen species production; molecules that play a central role in oxidative stress induction and cell damage [12][13][14]. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in testicular damage, however, one alternative for its prevention is the increase of dietary intake of antioxidants through the consumption of herbal infusions, mainly those obtained from the infusion of herbal species belonging to the Lamiaceae family.…”

Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on Leukocyte Counts and Malondialdehyde Levels in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

“…The rise was statistically significant (p <0.05). Research by Mohammed et al, (2021) also showed that there was an increase in malondialdehyde levels in rat serum due to formaldehyde induction.…”