Amelioration of Atherosclerosis by the New Medicinal Mushroom <i>Grifola gargal</i> Singer

Harada, Eijiro; D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Corina N.; Toda, Masaaki; Morizono, Toshihiro; Chelakkot-Govindalayathil, Ayshwarya-Lakshmi; Roeen, Ziaurahman; Urawa, Masahito; Yasuma, Taro; Yano, Yutaka; Sumiya, Takahiro; Gabazza, Esteban C.

doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.3315

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Corner, have records of consumption. However, background information on their chemical composition and bioactive properties is very scarce and restricted to C. hariotii [41,42], G. gargal [43,44,45,46,47,48] and L. nuda [13,15,49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus spp. Forest, Argentina

et al. 2016

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This study addresses issues regarding chemical and bioactive properties of nine wild edible mushrooms from native Nothofagus forest from Patagonia, Argentina. Macronutrients, sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties were determined. Protein was found in high levels and varied between 3.35 g/100 g dw in Cyttaria hariotii and 22.29 g/100 g dw in Lepista nuda. All of them presented mannitol and trehalose as main sugars. Mannitol was significantly higher in Ramaria patagonica, although absent in Fistulina endoxantha, whereas trehalose predominated in Aleurodiscus vitellinus, Hydropus dusenii, Cortinarius magellanicus, C. hariotii, Grifola gargal and L. nuda, ranging from 1.15 to 10.26 g/100 g dw; it was absent in R. patagonica. The major fatty acid found was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. All species presented oxalic and fumaric acids, while some also had malic, quinic and citric acids. Tocopherols composition was variable. Cortinarius magellanicus presented significantly higher contents of both α-tocopherol and β-tocopherol. R. patagonica presented the best results in all the antioxidant activity assays (EC 50 values ≤ 1 mg/mL) and the highest content of phenolic compounds presenting gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. This study constitutes the first report on chemical composition and nutritional value of most of these edible mushroom species. Furthermore, it provides important information necessary to characterize and define the use of these species as gastronomic delicacies, functional foods and sources of bioactive compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus spp. Forest, Argentina

et al. 2016

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“…Auspiciously, some treatments showed a considerably higher activity than those that had previously been obtained with G. gargal basidiomes and G. frondosa mycelia. Also Harada et al [6], recently reported the amelioration of atherosclerosis and the enhancement of regulatory T cells in a mouse model using G. gargal extracts of the basidiomes.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 96%

Grifola gargal and G. sordulenta, Two Wild Edible Mushrooms with Perspectives as Biotech Products

Postemsky¹

2015

Fermentol Techno

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Grifola gargal Singer and Grifola sordulenta Mont. (Singer) are two edible and medicinal mushroom species which occur in the AndinoPatagonian forests of Argentina and Chile. These woods that mainly consist of Nothofagus spp. are under increasing pressure with the consequent need of finding alternative sources for these mushrooms rather than gathering them. The main interest in these species is their culinary properties, which include a characteristic almond flavor present in the basidiomes, mycelium from submerged culture and solid-state fermented substrates, as well as the closely related Grifola frondosa, a well-known medicinal mushroom.In recent years G. gargal and G. sordulenta have been studied for both their medicinal properties and culture conditions by researchers from Argentina, Chile, Japan and USA. However, neither industrial application nor commercial production has been undertaken. In this situation, a relevant role for fermentation technologies to develop possible future products from these wild-grown mushrooms is emphasized. Indeed, biotransformed wheat grains obtained through solid-state fermentation showed antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities which were comparable with those recorded from mycelium and basidiomes. The article comments on the up-to-date findings and state of research of these novel species, emphasizing some future research topics.

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“…Our literature search returned four studies investigating the effects of edible mushrooms on atherosclerosis. The mushroom studies included Grifola gargal Singer (gargal) [181]; portobello and shiitake [182]; erinigi, maitake, and bunashimeji (EMB) [183]; and Agaricus blazei (blazei) [184]. The gargal, EMB, and blazei mushrooms were given to ApoE −/− mice, and the portobello and shiitake were given to LDLR −/− mice.…”

Section: Mushroomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2’, 3’-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.

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Amelioration of Atherosclerosis by the New Medicinal Mushroom Grifola gargal Singer

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus spp. Forest, Argentina

Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus spp. Forest, Argentina

Grifola gargal and G. sordulenta, Two Wild Edible Mushrooms with Perspectives as Biotech Products

The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis

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