The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis

Cullen, Abigail; Centner, Ann; Deitado, Riley; Fernández, Javier; Salazar, Gloria

doi:10.3390/nu12072069

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 255 publications

(461 reference statements)

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“…For many decades, polyphenols have been investigated extensively because of their beneficial effects on human health [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], especially flavonoids, a group of ubiquitously occurring plant polyphenols, well-known for their protective activities against degenerative diseases [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Assumedly, these effects depend probably both on ROS scavenging and coordination complex formation with iron [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid Tricetin in Comparison to Myricetin

et al. 2020

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Flavonoids are rather common plant phenolic constituents that are known for potent antioxidant effects and can be beneficial for human health. Flavonoids with a pyrogallol moiety are highly efficient reducing agents with possible pro- and antioxidant effects, depending on the reaction milieu. Therefore, the redox properties of myricetin and tricetin were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry and deoxyribose degradation assay. Tricetin proved to be a good antioxidant but only showed negligible pro-oxidant activity in one of the deoxyribose degradation assay variants. Compared to tricetin, myricetin showed pro- and antioxidant effects. The more efficient reducing properties of myricetin are probably caused by the positive mesomeric effect of the enolic 3-hydroxy group on ring C. It is evident that the antioxidant properties of structurally similar flavonoids can be converted to apparent pro-oxidant effects by relatively small structural changes, such as hydroxylation. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) often serve as secondary messengers in pathological and physiological processes in animal and plant cells, the pro- and antioxidant properties of flavonoids are an important part of controlling mechanisms of tissue signal cascades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid Tricetin in Comparison to Myricetin

et al. 2020

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“…A recent study showed that a bone marrow-derived cell deficiency of Nrf2 aggravates atherosclerosis in LDLR mice [ 31 ]. Different polyphenols, like kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, have been shown to provide endothelial defense or defend against Nrf2 induction in atherosclerosis [ 32 , 33 ]. Nrf2 was also described as a possible vascular dysfunction, as opposed to these recorded protective actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangiferin Inhibits Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Ismail

Rajendran

AbuZahra

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Doxorubicin increases endothelial permeability, hence increasing cardiomyocytes’ exposure to doxorubicin (DOX) and exposing myocytes to more immediate damage. Reactive oxygen species are major effector molecules of doxorubicin’s activity. Mangiferin (MGN) is a xanthone derivative that consists of C-glucosylxanthone with additional antioxidant properties. This particular study assessed the effects of MGN on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ (HUVECs’) signaling networks. Mechanistically, MGN dramatically elevated Nrf2 expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels through the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to an increase in Nrf2-downstream genes. Cell apoptosis was assessed with a caspase-3 activity assay, transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess DNA fragmentation, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. DOX markedly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, PARP, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cell numbers, but reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and antioxidants’ intracellular concentrations. These were effectively antagonized with MGN (20 μM), which led to HUVECs being protected against DOX-induced apoptosis, partly through the PI3K/AKT-mediated NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which could theoretically protect the vessels from severe DOX toxicity.

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“…They can be found in bran, grain brown rice, olive oil, tea, cherries, plums, gooseberries, and red wine [ 216 ]. These substances have been studied among middle-aged adults, showing a benefit of their intake in different cognitive domains [ 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 ].…”

Section: Potential Future Therapies Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Vessel Disease: Ancient Description, Novel Biomarkers

Moretti

Caruso

2022

IJMS

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Small vessel disease (SVD) is one of the most frequent pathological conditions which lead to dementia. Biochemical and neuroimaging might help correctly identify the clinical diagnosis of this relevant brain disease. The microvascular alterations which underlie SVD have common origins, similar cognitive outcomes, and common vascular risk factors. Nevertheless, the arteriolosclerosis process, which underlines SVD development, is based on different mechanisms, not all completely understood, which start from a chronic hypoperfusion state and pass through a chronic brain inflammatory condition, inducing a significant endothelium activation and a consequent tissue remodeling action. In a recent review, we focused on the pathophysiology of SVD, which is complex, involving genetic conditions and different co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, chronic hypoxia condition, and obesity). Currently, many points still remain unclear and discordant. In this paper, we wanted to focus on new biomarkers, which can be the expression of the endothelial dysfunction, or of the oxidative damage, which could be employed as markers of disease progression or for future targets of therapies. Therefore, we described the altered response to the endothelium-derived nitric oxide-vasodilators (ENOV), prostacyclin, C-reactive proteins, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF). At the same time, due to the concomitant endothelial activation and chronic neuroinflammatory status, we described hypoxia-endothelial-related markers, such as HIF 1 alpha, VEGFR2, and neuroglobin, and MMPs. We also described blood–brain barrier disruption biomarkers and imaging techniques, which can also describe perivascular spaces enlargement and dysfunction. More studies should be necessary, in order to implement these results and give them a clinical benefit.

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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 255 publications

In Vitro Evaluation of Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid Tricetin in Comparison to Myricetin

In Vitro Evaluation of Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoid Tricetin in Comparison to Myricetin

Mangiferin Inhibits Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Small Vessel Disease: Ancient Description, Novel Biomarkers

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