Ameliorating Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on the Toxicity of Isopaque Sodium

Salvesen, Sigbjørn; Nilsen, Per Lund; Holtermann, Hugo

doi:10.1080/05678066709170578

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The cytotoxicity of CMs is ameliorated on the basis of the sodium-calcium balance (2,18,19). In the plasma, the Ca 2z /Na z ratio has been estimated to be 0.015 to 0.018 (g/g), which corresponds to 0.009 to 0.010 (mol/mol) (24). In our case, Ca 2z /Na z~1 mmol/l divided by 140 mmol/l~0.007 (mol/mol).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Compared with the physiological Ca 2z concentration of 1.2 mmol/l in plasma (24), the higher Ca 2z seems to maintain the proliferation suppression in the control, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Many studies suggest the relationship of Ca 2z to adverse events associated with CMs, in which the concentration of Ca 2z is balanced against that of Na z . The addition of Ca 2z diminishes the negative inotropic effects of ionic CMs (24). The sodiumcalcium balance seems to reduce the risk of ventricular fibrillation caused by non-ionic CMs (2) and of cardiac contractility depressed by nonionic CMs (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells

Takatsuki

Furukawa²,

Liu³

et al. 2004

Acta Radiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Compared with the physiological Ca 2z concentration of 1.2 mmol/l in plasma (24), the higher Ca 2z seems to maintain the proliferation suppression in the control, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells

Takatsuki

Furukawa²,

Liu³

et al. 2004

Acta Radiol

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“…In the 1960s SALVESEN et al (36)(37)(38) showed that exchanging some sodium ions in sodium metrizoate with calcium and magnesium ions decreased the frequency of adverse effects on the blood-brain barrier in arteriography. Moreover, acute i.v.…”

Section: Addition Of Calcium and Magnesium Ions To The Contrast Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of proper concentrations of sodium ions in solutions of ionic contrast media may minimize the risk of such solutions producing ventricular fibrillation. Proper calcium concentrations and calcium/sodium ratios help minimize the risk of such solutions causing ventricular fibrillation and having adverse effects on cardiac contractility (25,36,37,41,48).…”

Section: Effects Ofthe Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visipaque – a Step Forward

Almén¹

2016

Acta Radiol

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In a lecture in January 1896 WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN demonstrated a new kind of radiation (Xrays), which penetrated human tissue and blackened (or darkened) photographic films. In an early experiment, the X-rays had passed through the hand of his wife before impacting on a photographic film. On this film the shadow of the skeleton inside the fingers and the shadow of a metal ring around one of the fingers were whiter (brighter) and contrasted against the blacker (darker) shadows of the soft tissues of the fingers. The blood vessels in the soft tissues were invisible. Obviously, the skeleton and the metal ring, but not the vessels, attenuated the X-rays more than did the soft tissues.A few weeks later HASCHEK & LINDENTHAL (15) filled the blood vessels of an amputated hand with a suspension containing a skeletal component (chalk -a calcium compound) and a metallic component (Zinnober -a mercury compound). On roentgen films of the hand the vessels filled with the suspension were visible because they now absorbed X-rays more than did both the skeleton and the soft tissues. The first angiography had been made. The suspension had apparently functioned as a medium producing contrast in the roentgen films between the shadow of the vessels and the shadow of their surroundings. Since this beginning, there has been steady evolution towards the development of less toxic contrast medium compounds, allowing their use in vivo and making them important tools in diagnostic radiology.In this presentation an object means a structure of diagnostic interest in the body. We define a contrast medium as a substance which creates increased ob--ect contrast, i.e, an increased difference in attenuai;,;.,, ' . of X-rays between an object and its surroundi ;' 0~; ' This task can be performed only on the condi- tion that the contrast medium at some moment achieves different concentrations in the object and in its surroundings.The theme of this paper is a recently developed contrast medium, Visipaque (Nycomed). It is presently available for intravascular use as plasma-isotonic aqueous solutions of the nonionic (neutral) iodine compound iodixanol. These water-based solutions are enriched with sodium and calcium salts.I will try to give Visipaque a place in the ongoing evolution towards the never achievable goal -development of the ideal water-soluble contrast medium for angiography and for the extracellular space.The ideal contrast mediumIn the ideal world a contrast medium should have maximal efficacy (maximal attenuation of X-rays) and maximal safety (produce no adverse effects).In the real world maximal efficacy means that the medium should produce maximal object contrast in the human body, so that the X-ray detectors (roentgen films, intensifying screens, detectors of CT machines, etc.) can (from the X-rays coming out from the body) measure a difference in attenuation between that object and its surroundings and thereby produce a final image for the human eye with maximal image contrast between the images of the object and its surroundings.

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Alterations in calcium levels of coronary sinus blood during coronary arteriography in the dog.

Higgins¹,

Schmidt²

1978

Circulation

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Significant sex differences in the correlation of electrocardiographic exercise testing and coronary arteriograms. Am J Cardiol 36: 169, 1975 40. Cumming GR, Dufresne C, Kich L, Samm J: Exercise electrocardiographic patterns in normal women. Br Heart J 35: 1055Heart J 35: , 1973 41. Linhart JW, Laws In the presence of systemic hypocalcemia the myocardial depressant actions of this contrast material were accentuated.Intracoronary administration of contrast material with added Ca+-, calcium sodium meglumine metrizoate, caused no myocardial depression. Total calcium decreased only slightly (10.2 ± 0.2 to 9.1 ± 0.2 mg%), while Ca-t increased (4.8 ± 0.1 to 5.1 ± 0.2 mg%). During systemic hypocalcemia, the calcium metrizoate compound induced increases in LVPSP and dp/dt/LVP40. Thus, contrast materials caused myocardial depression which, at least in part, was related to reductions of ambient calcium through a dilutional and binding action. The addition of Ca-to monomeric contrast materials reversed the myocardial depressant action and produced a transient rise in ambient Ca-. ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR power failure and electromechanical dissociation are rare but disastrous complications of coronary arteriography. Currentlyutilized ionic contrast materials have a direct depressing action on the ventricular myocardium which is related at least in part to the hyperosmolarity1 and high sodium ion content4 I of the solution. This solution, which displaces blood during coronary arteriography, is also deficient in calcium ions (Ca++), which have a critical role in contraction of the sarcomere.6-10 Moreover, it has been suggested that the material most frequently used for coronary arteriography contains chelating properties which might further reduce ambient Ca++ in the myocardium.1' It is wellestablished from early investigations6 9 that excitation-contraction coupling depends on the presence of free Ca++, and electromechanical dissociation ensues upon lowering ambient Ca+-in perfusate of isolated heart preparations. Recently, contrast material has been implicated as a causative factor in electromechanical dissociation occurring during coronary arteriography." The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine the extent of and the mechanism by which calcium is lowered in the coronary circulation during coronary arteriography; 2) to compare the severity and time sequence of depression in calcium levels in a "control state" and an induced acute heart failure state; 3) to assess the influence of preexisting systemic hypocalcemia on the myocardial depression induced by contrast materials; and 4) to compare the effects on calcium levels and myocardial contractility of a contrast material containing calcium ions with currently used non-calcium-containing contrast materials. Methods

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Ameliorating Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on the Toxicity of Isopaque Sodium

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells

Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells

Visipaque – a Step Forward

Alterations in calcium levels of coronary sinus blood during coronary arteriography in the dog.

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