Ambisonics

Zotter, Franz; Frank, Matthias

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17207-7

Cited by 173 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…where Y m n (θ) are the N3D-normalized, real-valued spherical harmonics of order n and degree m, cf. [23], evaluated at the direction θ, and the maximum order n ≤ N can be chosen freely. In the late diffuse part of the response, the implicit assumption of there being only a single DOA per time sample does not hold.…”

Section: Rendering With Measured Ambisonic Rir and The Ambisonic Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filters were designed using a magnitude-learst-squares optimization that disregards phase match in favor of an improved HRTF magnitude at high frequencies, and hereby avoids spectral artifacts. MagLS also includes an interaural covariance correction that offers an optimal compromise to render diffuse fields consistently [23].…”

Section: Rendering With Measured Ambisonic Rir and The Ambisonic Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test conditions included ARIR rendering with the ASDM target orders N = {1, 3, 5} as well as the corresponding MOBRIR resolutions ∆ϕ = {60, 45, 30} • rendered with LISHPh and broadband linear interpolation. Note that the set of MOBRIR resolutions is derived from the number of loudspeakers used for Ambisonics reproduction [23] in practice ∆ϕ N ≈ 180 • N+1 ; for N = 1, we chose 60 • instead of 90 • to maintain a reasonable MOBRIR resolution.…”

Section: Listening Experiment: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal is to find out configurations in which both methods yield perceptually optimal or correspondingly scaled results. Some correspondence is expected, as both the binaural Ambisonic rendering of ARIRs using MagLS [22,23] and the interference-avoiding high-frequency strategy of MOBRIR-based rendering [20] rely on spectral phase simplification at high frequencies, and both relate to an angular resolution. To make the comparison reproducible, a room impulse response data set (dummy head and Ambisonic microphone) is measured in a studio environment and made accessible in this contribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

2020

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To improve the limited degree of immersion of static binaural rendering for headphones, an increased measurement effort to obtain multiple-orientation binaural room impulse responses (MOBRIRs) is reasonable and enables dynamic variable-orientation rendering. We investigate the perceptual characteristics of dynamic rendering from MOBRIRs and test for the required angular resolution. Our first listening experiment shows that a resolution between 15 ∘ and 30 ∘ is sufficient to accomplish binaural rendering of high quality, regarding timbre, spatial mapping, and continuity. A more versatile alternative considers the separation of the room-dependent (RIR) from the listener-dependent head-related (HRIR) parts, and an efficient implementation thereof involves the measurement of a first-order Ambisonic RIR (ARIR) with a tetrahedral microphone. A resolution-enhanced ARIR can be obtained by an Ambisonic spatial decomposition method (ASDM) utilizing instantaneous direction of arrival estimation. ASDM permits dynamic rendering in higher-order Ambisonics, with the flexibility to render either using dummy-head or individualized HRIRs. Our comparative second listening experiment shows that 5th-order ASDM outperforms the MOBRIR rendering with resolutions coarser than 30 ∘ for all tested perceptual aspects. Both listening experiments are based on BRIRs and ARIRs measured in a studio environment.

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Section: Rendering With Measured Ambisonic Rir and The Ambisonic Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rendering With Measured Ambisonic Rir and The Ambisonic Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Listening Experiment: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

2020

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“…However, SH interpolation is one of the more elegant methods which has a more standardised procedure and shows promising results [16]. HRTF sets are commonly described in the SH domain due to its simplicity and ease of use in Ambisonics for spatial audio reproduction [17]. Since the SH domain describes a continuous spatial representation of the HRTFs, interpolation can be readily achieved.…”

Section: Spherical Harmonic Hrtf Interpolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-order Spherical Harmonic HRTF Restoration using a Neural Network Approach

Tsui¹,

Smith²,

Kearney³

2020

Preprint

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Spherical harmonic (SH) interpolation is a commonly used method to spatially up-sample sparse Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) datasets to denser HRTF datasets. However, depending on the number of sparse HRTF measurements and SH order, this process can introduce distortions in high frequency representation of the HRTFs. This paper investigates whether it is possible to restore some of the distorted high frequency HRTF components using machine learning algorithms. A combination of Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) and Denoising Auto-Encoder (DAE) models is proposed to restore the high frequency distortion in SH interpolated HRTFs. Results are evaluated using both Perceptual Spectral Difference (PSD) and localisation prediction models, both of which demonstrate significant improvement after the restoration process.

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History of Sound Recording and Analysis Equipment

Pavan

Budney²,

Klinck³

et al. 2022

Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1

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Over the last 100 years, there has been an explosion of research in the field of animal bioacoustics. These changes have been facilitated by technological advances, decrease in size and cost of recording equipment, increased battery life and data storage capabilities, the transition from analog-to-digital recorders, and the development of sound analysis software. Acousticians can now study the airborne and underwater sounds from vocal species across the globe at temporal and spatial scales that were not previously feasible and often in the absence of human observers. Many advances in the field of bioacoustics were enabled by equipment initially developed for the military, professional musicians, and radio, TV, and film industries. This chapter reviews the history of the development of sound recorders, transducers (i.e., microphones and hydrophones), and signal processing hardware and software used in animal bioacoustics research. Microphones and hydrophones can be used as a single sensor or as an array of elements facilitating the localization of sound sources. Analog recorders, which relied on magnetic tape, have been replaced with digital recorders; acoustic data was initially stored on tapes, but is now stored on optical discs, hard drives, and/or solid-state memories. Recently, tablets and smartphones have become popular recording and analysis devices. With these advances, it has never been easier, or more cost-efficient, to study the sounds of the world.

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Ambisonics

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

Binaural Rendering with Measured Room Responses: First-Order Ambisonic Microphone vs. Dummy Head

Low-order Spherical Harmonic HRTF Restoration using a Neural Network Approach

History of Sound Recording and Analysis Equipment

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