Ambiguity in Problem Framing as a Barrier to Collective Actions: Some Hints from Groundwater Protection Policy in the Apulia Region

Abstract

Differences in problem framing and understanding are unavoidable in multi-actor decision-making processes, deeming ambiguous problem definitions and actions. The presence of ambiguity may have diverse implications. On the one hand, a diversity in frames can enhance the co-production of knowledge offering opportunities for innovative solutions. On the other hand, the presence of ambiguity can be a source of discrepancies or conflict in a group, hampering the implementation and/or reducing the effectiveness of environmental policy. This work demonstrates that neglecting ambiguity in problem framing leads decision-actors to simplify the interaction space by ignoring the role of some of the other decision-actors and/or making wrong assumptions about their mental models. Moreover, they act as if the system is as simple as the decision-actors presume it to be. To demonstrate these hypotheses, a Causal Loop Diagram method was implemented to investigate the policy resistance mechanisms hampering the implementation of sustainable groundwater abstraction policy in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). Response to Reviewers: Response to the reviewers' comments Reviewers' comments Reviewer #1: Very interesting paper which should be published after minor revisions. Response: We really thank the reviewer for this encouraging comment. Comments: 1.1. 'making assumptions'; maybe add a Word to this, do you mean "making false" or "wrong assumptions", I guess everybody and all time make assumptions about others perceptions/mental models. Response: The text has been changed according to the reviewer's comments. The paragraph is: "[…] by ignoring the role of some of the other decision-actors and/or making wrong

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