Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Four Chinese Cities

Wei, Fusheng; Enjiang, Teng; Wu, Guoping; Hu, Wei; Wilson, William E.; Chapman, Robert S.; Pau, J.C.; Zhang, Junfeng Jim

doi:10.1021/es9904944

Cited by 162 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…in automotive vehicles (Hueglin et al, 2005;Sillanpaa et al, 2006). In this study, Zn, Cd, Sb and Pb exhibited high EFs (EFs > 100), and the high EFs for these elements were also found by other authors at Chinese sites (Wei et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2006a;Han et al, 2010).…”

Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementssupporting

confidence: 85%

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Tianru

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A one-year monitoring program from September 2009 to August 2010 for PM 10 was conducted at 8 monitoring sites in Tianjin, a coastal city in northern China. 24-hour PM 10 samples were collected every 6 days at each site. PM 10 samples were analyzed for elements, water soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous species. This paper focused on the spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and chemical mass closure of ambient PM 10 . Six categories were used to reconstruct PM 10 mass: crustal materials, trace elements, organic matter, elemental carbon, sea salt, and secondary inorganic aerosol. Crustal materials were the dominant fraction of PM 10 with annual average percentages varying from 31.6% to 33.8% of the total PM 10 mass. Secondary inorganic aerosol (non-sea salt sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) and organic matter were also major contributors to PM 10 , with annual mass fractions of 23.3% and 18.8%, respectively. In particular, non-sea salt-sulfate was the most predominant inorganic ion accounting for 47.9% of the category of secondary inorganic aerosol. Elemental carbon was a small category, accounting for 3.3%. Sea salt and trace elements contributed marginally to the PM 10 mass. The concentrations and mass fractions of crustal materials were generally highest in spring and lowest in summer while those of organic matter and secondary inorganic aerosol were generally highest in winter. Organic matter (P < 0.05) and elemental carbon (P < 0.001) concentrations showed significant spatial variations, and the concentrations were high at Beichen (BC) due to its proximity to the industrial zones and freeways. The concentrations of Ba, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb were generally higher at BC and Hongqiao (HQ) than at other sites, suggesting higher influence of traffic emissions.

show abstract

Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementssupporting

confidence: 85%

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Tianru

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The average ratios of PM 2.5 to PM 10 in Guangzhou were larger than three other big cities in China, i.e. Wuhan, Chongqing, and Lanzhou (Wei et al, 1999). High concentrations of secondary products in fine particles, mainly oxidized organics and sulfates were observed during PRIDE-PRD2004 and 2006 Jung et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Variation of particle number size distributions and chemical compositions at the urban and downwind regional sites in the Pearl River Delta during summertime pollution episodes

Yue

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In order to characterize the features of particulate pollution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the summer, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions and chemical compositions were simultaneously performed at Guangzhou urban site (GZ) and Backgarden downwind regional site (BG) in July 2006. Particle number concentration from 20 nm to 10 µm at BG was (1.7 ± 0.8)×10 4 cm −3 , about 40% lower than that at GZ, (2.9 ± 1.1)×10 4 cm −3 . The total particle volume concentration at BG was 94 ± 34 µm 3 cm −3 , similar to that at GZ, 96 ± 43 µm 3 cm −3 . More 20-100 nm particles, significantly affected by the traffic emissions, were observed at GZ, while 100-660 nm particle number concentrations were similar at both sites as they are more regional. PM 2.5 values were similar at GZ (69 ± 43 µg m −3 ) and BG (69 ± 58 µg m −3 ) with R 2 of 0.71 for the daily average PM 2.5 at these two sites, indicating the fine particulate pollution in the PRD region to be regional. Two kinds of pollution episodes, the accumulation pollution episode and the regional transport pollution episode, were observed. Fine particles over 100 nm dominated both number and volume concentrations of total particles during the late periods of these pollution episodes. Accumulation and secondary transformation are the main reasons for the nighttime accumulation pollution episode. Correspondence to: M. Hu (minhu@pku.edu.cn) 660 nm particle mass and PM 2.5 increase. When south or southeast wind prevailed in the PRD region, regional transport of pollutants took place. Regional transport contributed about 30% to fine particulate pollution at BG during a regional transport case. Secondary transformation played an important role during regional transport, causing higher increase rates of secondary ions in PM 1.0 than other species and shifting the peaks of sulfate and ammonium mass size distributions to larger sizes. SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 , and NH + 4 accounted for about 70% and 40% of PM 1.0 and PM 2.5 , respectively.

show abstract

“…3 likely because metals associated in larger size particles had relatively lower concentration in the soluble fraction. Wei et al (1999) studied metal concentrations bound to PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 collected from four major cities of China including Guangzhou during 1995 and 1996. They found that PM 2.5 constituted about 52-75 % of PM 10 and the total concentrations of heavy metals in PM 2.5 (e.g., 476 ng/m 3 of Pb and 40.4 ng/m 3 of As) were much higher than that in PM 2.5-10 (e.g., 104 ng/m 3 of Pb and 8.0 ng/m 3 of As).…”

Section: Chemical Speciation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Feng

Dang

Huang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:This study reported quantifications of fine particle bound trace metals and their potential health risks for residents in Guangzhou, a rapidly developing and most populated city in South China. The fine particle samples were collected from October 29 th. to November 8 th. of 2006 at two different elevations in a mainly residential area and analyzed for the total concentration of aluminum, iron, zinc, lead, manganese, copper, arsenic, chromium, nickel, cadmium, molybdenum and cobalt. Results showed that the fine particle concentrations ranged from 95.8 µg/m 3 to 194.7 µg/m 3 at the ground and 83.3-190.0 µg/m 3 on the roof, which were much higher than the 24 h fine particle standard (35 µg/m 3 ) recommended by USEPA. The total concentrations of zinc, lead, arsenic, chromium and cadmium in fine particle were 504.8, 201.6, 24.3, 7.7 and 4.4 ng/m 3 , respectively, which were comparable to other major cities of China, but much higher than major cities outside of China. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate these fine particle bound metals into four different fractions. Results indicated that most toxic metals were mainly distributed in bioavailable fractions. For instance, about 91 % of cadmium, 85 % of lead and 74 % of arsenic were in bioavailable forms. Risk calculations with a simple exposure assessment model showed that the cancer risks of the bioavailable fractions of arsenic, chromium and cadmium were 3 to 33 times greater than usual goal, indicating serious health risks to the residents in this urban area.

show abstract

Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Four Chinese Cities

Cited by 162 publications

References 36 publications

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Variation of particle number size distributions and chemical compositions at the urban and downwind regional sites in the Pearl River Delta during summertime pollution episodes

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 in Four Chinese Cities

Cited by 162 publications

References 36 publications

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Variation of particle number size distributions and chemical compositions at the urban and downwind regional sites in the Pearl River Delta during summertime pollution episodes

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ambient Concentrations and Elemental Compositions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Four Chinese Cities