Amatitlan, an Actively Resurging Cauldron 10 Km South of Guatemala City

Wunderman, Richard; Rose, William I.

doi:10.1002/9781118782095.ch22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…13). Our evidence does not rule out a past connection between the Amatitlan caldera and the Jalpatagua fault, which has been proposed by Eggers (1971), Wunderman (1982), and Wunderman and Rose (1984) based on the linearity of the Amatitlan lake. Additionally, N-Sstriking normal faults have been mapped within the caldera (Eggers, 1971), and they are parallel to N-S-striking normal faults measured at location 5 along the Jalpatagua fault to the east.…”

Section: Western Sectioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

et al. 2020

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The Jalpatagua fault in Guatemala accommodates dextral movement of the Central America forearc. We present new global positioning system (GPS) data, minor fault analysis, geochronological analyses, and analysis of lineaments to characterize deformation along the fault and near its terminations. Our data indicate that the Jalpatagua fault terminates at both ends into extensional regions. The western termination occurs near the Amatitlan caldera and the southern extension of the Guatemala City graben, as no through-going structures were observed to continue west into the active volcanic arc. Along the Jalpatagua fault, new and updated GPS site velocities are consistent with a slip rate of 7.1 ± 1.8 mm yr−1. Minor faulting along the central section of the fault includes: (1) N-S–striking normal faults accommodating E-W elongation; and (2) four sets of strike-slip faults (oriented 330°, 020°, 055°, and 295°, parallel to the Jalpatagua fault trace). Minor fault arrays support dextral movement along a major fault in the orientation of the Jalpatagua fault. GPS and fault data indicate that the Jalpatagua fault terminates to the east near the Guatemala–El Salvador border. Data delineate a pull-apart basin southeast of the fault termination, which is undergoing transtension as the Jalpatagua fault transitions into the El Salvador fault system to the east. Within the basin, minor faulting and lineations trend to the NW and accommodate NE-directed elongation. This faulting differs from E-W elongation observed along the Jalpatagua fault and is more similar to minor faults within the El Salvador fault system.

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Section: Western Sectioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

et al. 2020

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“…Pacaya volcano, one the most active volcanoes in Central America, is a large volcanic complex on the southern fault zone of the Amatitlan Caldera (Wunderman & Rose ), only 20 km south of the centre of Guatemala City, the Guatemala capital. The Pacaya volcanic complex comprises an ancestral andesitic strato‐volcano, a series of rhyodacitic to andesitic lava domes, and the modern Pacaya basaltic composite volcano (2,552 m high) (Conway et al ).…”

Section: Geological Volcanological and Geochemical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

Battaglia

Bitetto

Aiuppa

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Pacaya volcano in Guatemala is one of the most active volcanoes of the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). However, its magmatic gas signature and volatile output have received little attention to date. Here, we present novel volcanic gas information from in‐situ (Multi‐GAS) and remote (UV camera) plume observations in January 2016. We find in‐plume H2O/SO2 and CO2/SO2 ratios of 2‐20 and 0.6‐10.5, and an end‐member magmatic gas signature of 80.5 mol. % H2O, 10.4 mol. % CO2, and 9.0 mol. % SO2. The SO2 flux is evaluated at 885 ± 550 tons/d. This, combined with co‐acquired volcanic plume composition, leads to H2O and CO2 fluxes of 2,230 ± 1,390 and 700 ± 440, and a total volatile flux of ∼3,800 tons/d. We use these results in tandem with previous SO2 flux budgets for Fuego and Santiaguito to estimate the total volcanic CO2 flux from Guatemala at ∼1,160 ± 600 tons/day. This calculation is based upon CO2/total S (St) ratios for Fuego (1.5 ± 0.75) and Santiaguito (1.4 ± 0.75) inferred from a gas (CO2/St ratio) versus trace‐element (Ba/La ratio) CAVA relationship. The H2O‐poor and low CO2/St ratio (∼1.0‐1.5) signature of Pacaya gas suggests dominant mantle‐wedge derivation of the emitted volatiles. This is consistent with 3He/4He ratios in olivine hosted fluid inclusions (FIs), which range between 8.4 and 9.0 Ra (being Ra the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio) at the upper limit of MORB range (8 ± 1 Ra). These values are the highest ever measured in CAVA and among the highest ever recorded in arc volcanoes worldwide, indicating negligible 4He contributions from the crust/slab.

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“…In addition, a possible basement layer of pyroclastics beneath the edifice erupted from the Amatitlán caldera (Eggers, 1971;Wunderman and Rose, 1984;Schaefer et al, 2013), a sloping basement substrate (Vallance et al, 1995), diverse lithologies (Schaefer et al, 2015), and uneven loading of lava flows on the southwest flank (Matías Gómez et al, 2012) have all been cited as causes of concern for the stability of this young edifice.…”

Section: Details Of the May 2010 Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dramatic volcanic instability revealed by InSAR

Schaefer

Lü

Oommen

2015

Geology

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Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) was used to measure ground deformation during explosive eruptions on 27 and 28 May 2010 at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala. Interferograms produced using spaceborne and airborne synthetic aperture radar data reveal ~3 m of along-slope movement of the southwest sector of the edifice during these eruptions. This is the largest measured slope instability witnessed in a single event at a volcano that did not result in a catastrophic landslide. This rapid and extreme movement is particularly concerning given the history of sector collapse and persistent activity at this volcano. These findings emphasize the utility of high-resolution InSAR measurements for monitoring deformation and potential catastrophic slope instability at volcanoes.

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Amatitlan, an Actively Resurging Cauldron 10 Km South of Guatemala City

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

Dramatic volcanic instability revealed by InSAR

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Amatitlan, an Actively Resurging Cauldron 10 Km South of Guatemala City

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO2 Flux From Guatemala

Dramatic volcanic instability revealed by InSAR

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The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala