Amalgamation of biosensors and nanotechnology in disease diagnosis: Mini-review

Nagraik, Rupak; Sharma, Avinash; Kumar, Deepak; Mukherjee, Soham; Şen, Fatih; Kumar, Avvaru Praveen

doi:10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100089

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…One of the key leading ways to enhance public health is to diagnose infectious diseases at their early stages rapidly. A medical diagnosis should specify a disease with high accuracy; in other words, it should have fewer errors and false results [ 61 ]. New evolving gold standard diagnosis methods such as PCR and LAMP are establishing; these diagnosis methods, however, have shortcomings that may limit the use of the diagnosis or lead to false results.…”

Section: Conventional Diagnosis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases

et al. 2021

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Humans have suffered from a variety of infectious diseases since a long time ago, and now a new infectious disease called COVID-19 is prevalent worldwide. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to research of the effective methods of diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases, which are important to reduce infection rate and help the spread of diseases be controlled. The onset of COVID-19 has led to the further development of existing diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Furthermore, this has contributed to the further development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods, which have advantages of high-throughput testing, effectiveness in terms of cost and space, and portability compared to conventional diagnosis methods. Micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods can be largely classified into (1) nanomaterials-based, (2) micromaterials-based, and (3) micro/nanodevice-based. This review paper describes how micro/nanotechnologies have been exploited to diagnose respiratory infectious diseases in each section. The research and development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostics should be further explored and advanced as new infectious diseases continue to emerge. Only a handful of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods has been commercialized so far and there still are opportunities to explore.

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Section: Conventional Diagnosis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By incorporating micro/nanotechnology with medical diagnosis, the limitation of the present diagnosis methods can be overcome. Moreover, new promising diagnostic techniques are emerging [ 61 ].…”

Section: Conventional Diagnosis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases

et al. 2021

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“…Three main parts constitute a biosensor: a recognition element or bioreceptor, that is a biomolecule that identifies the analyte; a transducer, which converts the signal (biological/chemical) into a detectable signal; and a signal reading device, which measures the transducer signal ( Figure 1 ) [ 12 , 18 , 19 ]. The bioreceptor is the most crucial aspect of biosensors [ 20 ]; it is fundamentally any organic body that should detect an analyte from the medium of interest remaining other potential interfering species [ 1 ].…”

Section: Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of receptors have been reported as enzymes, microorganisms, nucleic acid fragments, antibody fragments, etc. [ 19 ]. The transducer can also be an electrochemical, optical, thermistor and piezoelectric [ 21 ].…”

Section: Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme (Single and Multiple) and Nanozyme Biosensors: Recent Developments and Their Novel Applications in the Water-Food-Health Nexus

et al. 2021

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The use of sensors in critical areas for human development such as water, food, and health has increased in recent decades. When the sensor uses biological recognition, it is known as a biosensor. Nowadays, the development of biosensors has been increased due to the need for reliable, fast, and sensitive techniques for the detection of multiple analytes. In recent years, with the advancement in nanotechnology within biocatalysis, enzyme-based biosensors have been emerging as reliable, sensitive, and selectively tools. A wide variety of enzyme biosensors has been developed by detecting multiple analytes. In this way, together with technological advances in areas such as biotechnology and materials sciences, different modalities of biosensors have been developed, such as bi-enzymatic biosensors and nanozyme biosensors. Furthermore, the use of more than one enzyme within the same detection system leads to bi-enzymatic biosensors or multi-enzyme sensors. The development and synthesis of new materials with enzyme-like properties have been growing, giving rise to nanozymes, considered a promising tool in the biosensor field due to their multiple advantages. In this review, general views and a comparison describing the advantages and disadvantages of each enzyme-based biosensor modality, their possible trends and the principal reported applications will be presented.

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“…From the above studies, it was concluded that the nanofiber encapsulated microbes are better for the removal of harmful dyes from the dye-contaminated water in comparison to the free cells. The biosensor-based approaches [46,47], amalgamation of nanotechnology [48], and microbiology have provided an alternative technique for effectively remediating pesticides by immobilizing active microbes in nanofiber. Bioremediation of atrazine through Pseudomonas species adenosine diphosphate (ADP) cells was encapsulated in microtubes containing electrospun nanofibers.…”

Section: Role Of Nanofiber Encapsulated Bacteria In Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nanofibers in Encapsulation of the Whole Cell

Sahu

Sharma

Mukherjee

et al. 2021

International Journal of Polymer Science

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In the field of biomaterial research, the electrospinning device is now used to manufacture nanofibers that can be used to encapsulate whole microorganisms such as bacterial cells, funguses, viruses, and even spores. The nanofiber encapsulated cells will have greater significance in the coming future because of their wide variety of applications in various fields. Nanofibers act as microorganism reservoir systems that enhance their properties such as viability, controlled release of products, biomedical applications, and bioremediation. The effect of electrostatic forces on a droplet of liquid polymer or polymer solution is based on electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers act as ideal native extracellular matrices for microorganisms and have also had a tremendous advantage in drug delivery systems where modern research is still underway. During electrospinning, nearly all microorganisms may be inserted into a polymer matrix that forms a composite nanofiber. The evolution in electrospinning technique over the past few decades has become promising. New ideas have been generated to enhance the techniques and improve the overall applications and properties of nanofibers. This technique has been transformed by the advent of the electrospinning machine. The electrospun nanofibers can be chemically characterized by a wide variety of procedures such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrospinning has various applications, for example, in wastewater treatment, tissue engineering, food industry, drug delivery, agriculture, and cosmetics. Nanofiber encapsulation of microorganisms increased the shelf life of the microorganisms; the cells remain viable for months. It also helps in the control release of bacterial products. The present review demonstrates the role of nanofiber in the encapsulation of the whole cell.

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Amalgamation of biosensors and nanotechnology in disease diagnosis: Mini-review

Cited by 31 publications

References 110 publications

Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases

Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases

Enzyme (Single and Multiple) and Nanozyme Biosensors: Recent Developments and Their Novel Applications in the Water-Food-Health Nexus

Role of Nanofibers in Encapsulation of the Whole Cell

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