AM3, an adjuvant to hepatitis B revaccination in non-responder healthy persons

Manso, Luis; Peña, E.; Civantos, Antonio Moreno; Sada, G; Alvarez, Mon M.; Chirigos, Michael A.; Villarrubia, V. G.

doi:10.1016/0168-8278(95)80271-1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This manuscript discusses AM3 as a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent, which could play a role in the prophylaxis or amelioration of symptoms associated with COVID-19. We also describe the potential benefits of AM3 as an immune system adjuvant for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections through immunoprophylaxis, based on previous studies (33,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Fernández-Lázaro

Adams

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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The world is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its global spread has resulted in millions of confirmed infections and deaths. While the global pandemic continues to grow, the availability of drugs to treat COVID-19 infections remains limited to supportive treatments. Moreover, the current speed of vaccination campaigns in many countries has been slow. Natural substrates with biological immunomodulatory activity, such as glucans, may represent an adjuvant therapeutic agent to treat SARS-CoV-2. AM3, a natural glycophosphopeptical, has previously been shown to effectively slow, with no side effects, the progression of infectious respiratory diseases by regulating effects on innate and adaptive immunity in experimental models. No clinical studies, however, exist on the use of AM3 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. This review aims to summarize the beneficial effects of AM3 on respiratory diseases, the inflammatory response, modulation of immune response, and attenuation of muscle. It will also discuss its potential effects as an immune system adjuvant for the treatment of COVID-19 infections and adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Fernández-Lázaro

Adams

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AM3 is able to normalize the deficient effector function of natural killer, phagocytotic cells ( Prieto et al ., 2001 ) and T lymphocytes ( Reyes et al ., 2006 ). Interestingly, AM3 has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant in hepatitis B vaccination of healthy people who previously failed to develop HbsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) titres >10 IU mL −1 in response to the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine ( Sanchez et al ., 1995 ), as well as in haemodialysis patients who were non‐responders to hepatitis B ( Perez‐García et al ., 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AM3, a natural glycoconjugate, induces the functional maturation of human dendritic cells

Martı́n-Vı́lchez

Molina‐Jiménez

Alonso-Lebrero³

et al. 2008

British J Pharmacology

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Background and purpose: Dendritic cells (DCs) are dedicated antigen-presenting cells able to initiate specific immune responses and their maturation is critical for the induction of antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses. Here, we have investigated the effects of Inmunoferon-active principle (AM3), the active agent of a commercial immunomodulatory drug, on human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). Experimental approach: MDDCs derived from healthy and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients were stimulated with AM3. We analysed the expression of cell surface proteins by flow cytometry, that of cytokine production by ELISA, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors by RNase protection assays. T-lymphocyte proliferation was assessed in mixed lymphocyte reactions, protein expression by western blot and luciferase-based reporter methods, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-blocking antibodies were employed to analyse TLR activity. Key results: In MDDCs, AM3 induced or enhanced expression of CD54, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, chemokines and chemokine receptors, interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-10. Furthermore, AM3 stimulated MDDCs to increase proliferation of allogenic T cells. AM3 triggered nuclear translocation of NF-kB and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. AM3 promoted NF-kB activation in a TLR-4-dependent manner, and blocking TLR-4 activity attenuated the enhanced expression of CD80, CD83 and CD86 induced by AM3. AM3 enhanced the expression of maturation-associated markers in MDDCs from HCVinfected patients and increased the proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by these MDDCs. Conclusions and implications: These results underline the effects of AM3 in promoting maturation of MDDCs and suggest that AM3 might be useful in regulating immune responses in pathophysiological situations requiring DC maturation.

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“…In animal models, the capacity of glycophosphopeptical to potentiate natural (innate) and specific immunity is related to the induction of endogenous production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma (IFN-␥ ) while partially inhibiting the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-␣ ) (28,29). Glycophosphopeptical potentiates the in vitro immune response against some viruses (30) and viral vaccines (31), demonstrating the potential in vivo immunologically mediated antiviral activity of the drug. Whereas the efficacy of glycophosphopeptical in protecting patients with COPD from acute infectious exacerbations is well established (23)(24)(25)(26), the mechanism of its ability to rescue immunoalterations in humans remains undefined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Natural Killer and Phagocytic Activities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are Restored by Glycophosphopeptical (Inmunoferón)

Prieto

Reyes

Bernstein

et al. 2001

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

107

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We have investigated both modifications in natural (innate) immunity caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the effects of a glycophosphopeptical immunomodulator (Inmunoferón) treatment on COPD-associated immunoalterations. In a double-blinded clinical trial, 60 patients with COPD received glycophosphopeptical or placebo during 90 consecutive days at oral doses of 3 g/d. Fifty-six sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were included as a reference group for immunologic parameters. Peripheral blood natural killer (PBNK) cell cytotoxic activity and phagocytic activity of peripheral monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Ma) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were assessed at baseline and then again at the end of treatments. We found both PBNK activity and phagocytic activity to be significantly decreased in patients with COPD compared with levels in healthy volunteers. The treatment with glycophosphopeptical provoked significant stimulatory effects on PBNK cytotoxic activity. This stimulation was not mediated by an increase in CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells. Further, glycophosphopeptical significantly increased the percentage of monocytes and PMNs that phagocytize Escherichia coli in vitro, as well as increased phagocytic indices. We conclude that peripheral blood cells of patients with COPD show clear defects in natural immunity that are partially rescued by glycophosphopeptical.

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AM3, an adjuvant to hepatitis B revaccination in non-responder healthy persons

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

AM3, a natural glycoconjugate, induces the functional maturation of human dendritic cells

Defective Natural Killer and Phagocytic Activities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are Restored by Glycophosphopeptical (Inmunoferón)

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