Alzheimer’s disease and memory strength: Gradual decline of memory traces as a function of their strength

Vallet, Guillaume T.; Rouleau, Isabelle; Benoit, Sophie; Langlois, Roxane; Barbeau, Emmanuel J.; Joubert, Sven

doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1147530

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In the initial test, participants reached a ceiling at 3 min and an hour after the encoding. Other paradigms using the DMS-48 also assessed participants performance within a week ( Vallet et al, 2016 ) or six weeks of retention interval (data not published). Interestingly, performance was still on average above 90% for these longer periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

et al. 2018

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In 2006 Mitchell demonstrated that implicit memory was robust to decay. He showed that the ability to identify fragments of pictures seen 17 years before was significantly higher than for new stimuli. Is this true only for implicit memory? In this study, we tested whether explicit memory was still possible for drawings (n = 144) that had been presented once or three times, two seconds each time on average, approximately 12 years earlier. Surprisingly, our data reveal that our participants were able to recognize pictures above chance level. Preserved memory was mainly observed in the youngest subjects, for stimuli seen three times. Despite the fact that confidence judgments were low, reports suggest that recognition could be based on a strong sense of familiarity. These data extend Mitchell’s findings and show that familiarity can also be robust to decay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, degraded perceptual processing, as in HE, should directly impoverish their memory traces (Humes et al, 2013 ; Vallet, 2015 ). The degraded memory traces should, in turn, decrease the distinctiveness of the memory traces, and consequently, it shall be more difficult to distinguish one memory trace from another (see Brunel et al, 2013 ; Vallet et al, 2016b ). In other words, HE should commit more confusion errors as they require more pronounced distinctive features to correctly reject a related lure (Butler et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite intrusion errors are typically underlied by frontal impairment, such as the one seen in dementia with Lewy bodies (Doubleday and Snowden, 2002 ), some studies have found a similar pattern of intrusion errors between AD and fronto-temporal dementia (Pasquier and Grymonprez, 2001 ). These errors could indicate the weakness of AD's memory traces compared to those of HE (see Vallet et al, 2016b ). The overall pattern of performance observed in the present study is yet consistent with other published studies (e.g., Greenaway et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, this population is also associated with a perceptual and sensory decline more severe than that in normal aging. Moreover, their higher perceptual functions, such as multimodal integration, are impaired (Delbeuck et al, 2007 ) which have been associated by some authors to their memory dysfunctions (e.g., Vallet et al, 2013 , 2016b ). The disconnection between the different parts of their brain can thus account for the impairment of multimodal integration and memory deficits (Delbeuck et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A SEMantic and EPisodic Memory Test (SEMEP) Developed within the Embodied Cognition Framework: Application to Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Semantic Dementia

et al. 2017

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Embodiment has highlighted the importance of sensory-motor components in cognition. Perception and memory are thus very tightly bound together, and episodic and semantic memories should rely on the same grounded memory traces. Reduced perception should then directly reduce the ability to encode and retrieve an episodic memory, as in normal aging. Multimodal integration deficits, as in Alzheimer's disease, should lead to more severe episodic memory impairment. The present study introduces a new memory test developed to take into account these assumptions. The SEMEP (SEMantic-Episodic) memory test proposes to assess conjointly semantic and episodic knowledge across multiple tasks: semantic matching, naming, free recall, and recognition. The performance of young adults is compared to healthy elderly adults (HE), patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and patients with semantic dementia (SD). The results show specific patterns of performance between the groups. HE commit memory errors only for presented but not to be remembered items. AD patients present the worst episodic memory performance associated with intrusion errors (recall or recognition of items never presented). They were the only group to not benefit from a visual isolation (addition of a yellow background), a method known to increase the distinctiveness of the memory traces. Finally, SD patients suffer from the most severe semantic impairment. To conclude, confusion errors are common across all the elderly groups, whereas AD was the only group to exhibit regular intrusion errors and SD patients to show severe semantic impairment.

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“… Teasdale et al ( 30 ) Québec 15 M = 71.1, SD = 9 F: 2 (13.33%) M: 13 (86.67%) M =14.3, SD = 2.5 NIA-AA ( 18 ) M = 24.3, SD = 2.5 GDS: M = 4.8, SD = 3.8 Observ. No mention of exclusion criteria Vallet et al ( 207 ) Québec 16 M = 78.19, SD = 6.1 F: 11 (68.75%) M: 5 (31.25%) M = 14.94, SD = 4.10 Petersen ( 18 , 23 ) M =28.31, SD = 1.5 M =25.62, SD = 2.1 Observ. Exclusion: Medical history of or currently taking medications for conditions with known sensory or neurological effects; participants with diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety were included if they were stable on medication or non-symptomatic at the time of study Bocti et al ( 208 ) Québec 42 M = 69.62, SD = 9.31 F: 20 (47.62%) M: 22 (5...…”

Section: Appendicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the real-world representativeness of participants with mild cognitive impairment in Canadian research protocols: a comparison of the characteristics of a memory clinic patients and research samples

et al. 2020

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Background Studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) employ rigorous eligibility criteria, resulting in sampling that may not be representative of the broader clinical population. Objective To compare the characteristics of MCI patients in a Calgary memory clinic to those of MCI participants in published Canadian studies. Methods Clinic participants included 555 MCI patients from the PROspective Registry of Persons with Memory SyMPToms (PROMPT) registry in Calgary. Research participants included 4,981 individuals with MCI pooled from a systematic literature review of 112 original, English-language peer-reviewed Canadian studies. Both samples were compared on baseline sociodemographic variables, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and cognitive performance for MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Results Overall, clinic patients tended to be younger, more often male, and more educated than research participants. Psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, and sensory impairment were commonplace in PROMPT (up to 83% affected) but > 80% studies in the systematic review excluded these conditions. PROMPT patients also performed worse on global cognition measures than did research participants. Conclusion Stringent eligibility criteria in Canadian research studies excluded a considerable subset of MCI patients with comorbid medical or psychiatric conditions. This exclusion may contribute to differences in cognitive performance and outcomes compared to real-world clinical samples.

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Alzheimer’s disease and memory strength: Gradual decline of memory traces as a function of their strength

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

A SEMantic and EPisodic Memory Test (SEMEP) Developed within the Embodied Cognition Framework: Application to Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Semantic Dementia

Evaluating the real-world representativeness of participants with mild cognitive impairment in Canadian research protocols: a comparison of the characteristics of a memory clinic patients and research samples

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Alzheimer’s disease and memory strength: Gradual decline of memory traces as a function of their strength

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

A SEMantic and EPisodic Memory Test (SEMEP) Developed within the Embodied Cognition Framework: Application to Normal Aging, Alzheimer's Disease and Semantic Dementia

Evaluating the real-world representativeness of participants with mild cognitive impairment in Canadian research protocols: a comparison of the characteristics of a memory clinic patients and research samples

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Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years