Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Larzabal, Christelle; Tramoni, Eve; Muratot, Sophie; Thorpe, Simon J.; Barbeau, Emmanuel J.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.10.009

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…One key item of information retrieved during this process is whether or not objects are familiar. The system backing this ability has a massive and detailed storage capacity (Brady et al 2008), can support very long-term memory (even for objects initially seen for only a few seconds (Larzabal et al 2018)), and is also quite rapid as behavioral responses start to occur around 350-400 ms following presentation of the stimulus (Besson et al 2012). This shows that the ability to recognize familiar objects is a powerful natural cognitive system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

et al. 2019

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One key item of information retrieved when surveying our visual world is whether or not objects are familiar. However, there is no consensus on the respective roles of medial temporal lobe structures, particularly the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus. We considered whether the PRC could support a fast recognition memory system independently from the hippocampus. We recorded the intracerebral electroencephalograph activity of epileptic patients while they were performing a fast visual recognition memory task, constraining them to use their quickest strategy. We performed event-related potential (ERP) and classification analyses. The PRC was, by far, the earliest region involved in recognition memory. This activity occurred before the first behavioral responses and was found to be related to reaction times, unlike the hippocampus. Single-trial analyses showed that decoding power was equivalent in the PRC and hippocampus but occurred much earlier in the PRC. A critical finding was that recognition memory-related activity occurred in different frontal and parietal regions, including the supplementary motor area, before the hippocampus. These results, based on ERP analyses, suggest that the human brain is equipped with a fast recognition memory system, which may bypass the hippocampus and in which the PRC plays a critical role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

et al. 2019

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“…Based on such findings, it has been assumed that there is a third subtype of memory beyond the awareness-dependent (explicit) subtypes of recollection and familiarity: an unconscious (implicit) subtype of memory, which is not accompanied by a phenomenal (i.e., conscious) experience of remembering, termed "recognition without awareness" or "implicit recognition" (for a review, see Voss et al, 2012). Such an implicit subtype of memory is also well supported by studies on the so-called repetition priming effect, demonstrating that a brief exposure to a visual picture without mentioning that memory will be tested later leads to a processing benefit when the picture is encountered again after several days, months, or even years, with participants often being unaware of their memory abilities (Mitchell and Brown, 1988;Mitchell, 2006;Larzabal et al, 2018;Mitchell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Long-Lasting Verbatim Memory for the Words of Books After a Single Reading Without Any Learning Intention

Kuhbandner

2020

Front. Psychol.

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The present study reveals an intriguing ability of our human memory: when reading a book once without any intention of learning, we store long-lasting verbatim memories of the words written in the book without being aware of it. Participants read a book chapter consisting of 32 pages (3,772 words) once without knowing that their memory would be tested later. In memory tests immediately after reading and 1 week after reading, they were asked to remember exactly which word was written at a specific position in the book chapter. Only memory for words was tested that were theme-unrelated and non-central. To measure memory, a two-alternative forced choice recognition test was used where a page was shown either as read before or with the replacement of one single word by a synonym. For each response, participants indicated whether the response was based on phenomenal memory experience (recollection or familiarity) or guessing. In the immediate test, participants claimed to have phenomenal memory experience for about a quarter of the tested positions, truly remembering the word in about half of cases. In the 1-week-delayed test, phenomenal memory experience was nearly entirely absent and completely uninformative. When claiming to have no phenomenal memory experience, participants still truly remembered the word for about 10% of the tested positions in both the immediate test and the 1-week-delayed test, without any forgetting. These findings demonstrate that we store more from read texts in memory than commonly believed.

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“…Specifically, a familiar identification requires an eyewitness to additionally determine who the person is and where they know her from—the crime or some other context (see Smith, Volna, & Ewing, 2016). As a result, familiarity judgments and identifications are impacted by different factors and not synonymous—that is, an accurate familiarity judgment does not guarantee an accurate identification because it may not be correctly associated with the crime and perpetrator (see Kersten & Earles, 2017; Larzabal, Tramoni, Muratot, Thorpe, & Barbeau, 2018).…”

Section: Part 1: What Are Familiar Identifications and How Accurate A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiar eyewitness identifications: The current state of affairs.

Vallano¹,

Slapinski²,

Steele³

et al. 2019

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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This article examines “familiar identifications,” or identifications where an eyewitness explicitly states that she has seen the perpetrator before the crime. The first section of this article reviews the literature on familiar identification accuracy. Although these identifications can be of high accuracy they are far from infallible, particularly in cases of minimal prior exposure and poor viewing conditions during the crime. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed. Specifically, we note the ill-defined nature of familiarity within the research and its oft-misleading treatment as a dichotomous construct, and therefore emphasize its continuous nature and recommend more ecologically valid research with “ground truth” data be conducted to examine how its differing degrees interact with other estimator variables. The second section of this article reviews how federal and state courts commonly deal with familiar identifications. The case law reveals that many courts believe any amount of familiarity enhances eyewitness memory and identification accuracy, which sometimes (correctly or incorrectly) lessens concerns over other variables known to lower identification accuracy (e.g., poor viewing conditions, a showup identification procedure). Consequentially, courts sometimes use familiarity to deny motions to suppress eyewitness evidence along with refusing to admit eyewitness experts and jury instructions. We discuss how well courts’ decisions align with the research while providing concrete recommendations for expert witnesses and legal officials in familiar identification cases. Specifically, we argue that claimed familiarity should be examined for its veracity and its effects on identification accuracy be evaluated in relation to other estimator and system variables.

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Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

Long-Lasting Verbatim Memory for the Words of Books After a Single Reading Without Any Learning Intention

Familiar eyewitness identifications: The current state of affairs.

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Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP

Long-Lasting Verbatim Memory for the Words of Books After a Single Reading Without Any Learning Intention

Familiar eyewitness identifications: The current state of affairs.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years