Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Comparison: The Therapeutic Efficacy of the Vanadium Compound

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia, primarily in elderly people. The neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein has been demonstrated over the last two decades. In line with these findings, several etiological hypotheses of AD have been proposed, including the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the oxidative stress hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the cholinergic hypothesis, et al. In the meantime, great efforts had been made in developing effective drugs for AD. However, the clinical efficacy of the drugs that were approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) to date were determined only mild/moderate. We recently adopted a vanadium compound bis(ethylmaltolato)-oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV), which was originally used for curing diabetes mellitus (DM), to treat AD in a mouse model. It was shown that BEOV effectively reduced the Aβ level, ameliorated the inflammation in brains of the AD mice, and improved the spatial learning and memory activities of the AD mice. These finding encouraged us to further examine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of BEOV in AD. In this review, we summarized the achievement of vanadium compounds in medical studies and investigated the prospect of BEOV in AD and DM treatment.

Diabetes: Risk factor and translational therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease

“…Furthermore, these effects were observed in BV2 microglia cell cultures with Aβ (He et al, 2021). BEOV reduced Aβ levels and improved learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice (He et al, 2021).…”

“…PPARγ plays an important role in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, fatty acid storage, energy metabolism and antioxidant defence (Rodríguez‐Pascau et al, 2021). More recently, bis(ethylmaltolato)‐oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV), a vanadium compound, was shown to be involved in DM and AD via PPARγ activity (He et al, 2021). Administration of BEOV in APP/PS1 mice significantly decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice (He et al, 2021).…”

“…More recently, bis(ethylmaltolato)‐oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV), a vanadium compound, was shown to be involved in DM and AD via PPARγ activity (He et al, 2021). Administration of BEOV in APP/PS1 mice significantly decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice (He et al, 2021). Furthermore, these effects were observed in BV2 microglia cell cultures with Aβ (He et al, 2021).…”

“…Administration of BEOV in APP/PS1 mice significantly decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice (He et al, 2021). Furthermore, these effects were observed in BV2 microglia cell cultures with Aβ (He et al, 2021). BEOV reduced Aβ levels and improved learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice (He et al, 2021).…”

Alzheimer Disease-Type 3 Diabetes: Traditional Review

“…Sedanter yaşam, zengin karbonhidrat, doymamış yağ asitleri (omega 6) ve yetersiz antioksidan alımı beyinde oksidatif strese neden olmaktadır ve buna bağlı olarak Tip 2 DM'yi bu hastalık ile ilişkilendiren ciddi bilişsel işlev kaybıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. 6,7 Nüfusa dayalı yapılan birçok çalışmada (Rotterdam çalışması, Japonya'daki Hisayaina eğitimi, Finlandiya'daki Vantaa eğitimi, Stockholm'da yapılan Kungsholmen Projesi, Cache ilçe çalışması ve Framingham çalışması), Tip 2 DM'nin demans, AH ve vasküler demans riskini artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]…”