ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens

Development and application of a reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for subgroup J Avian leukosis virus

“…However, according to the research in 2018, some provinces in China almost simultaneously broke out of myelocytoma disease caused by mutant ALV-J ( Li et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2019 ). Studies had shown that ALV-J can be detected and isolated from commercial live vaccines, which can inhibit the immune effect of the vaccine ( Wang et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). Because of the high level of vertical and horizontal transmission of ALV-J, effective vaccines and drugs were useless ( Venugopal, 1999 ), it was important to improve the eradication efficiency and speed up the eradication process.…”

Whole-genome analysis reveals possible sources of ALV-J infection in an anyi tile-like gray chicken flock

“…However, in this study, the identities between strains isolated from the same flock were very low based on the env genes, less than 95%, which has already broken through the category of quasi-species. The emergence of multiple different strains in the same chicken flock should be considered as the aggregation of strains from different sources like horizontal transmission or use of contaminated vaccines ( Wang et al, 2018 , 2021 ; Mao et al, 2020 ), demonstrating that small and easily overlooked local chicken flocks have become reservoirs for a variety of strains.…”

Establishment and Application of a Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J

“…Since 2008, ALV-J has caused severe economic losses owing to the induction of various malignant tumors and other reproductive problems in birds in China (8). Due to the high level of vertical and horizontal transmission of ALV-J and the lack of effective vaccines and drugs to prevent this disease (4,29,30), it is essential to improve the efficiency of eradication and accelerate the elimination process. Real-time RPA assay has been widely utilized to detect human and animal pathogens (31,32).…”