2013
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8403-1
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Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity

Abstract: We have examined the neurotoxicity of aluminum in humans and animals under various conditions, following different routes of administration, and provide an overview of the various associated disease states. The literature demonstrates clearly negative impacts of aluminum on the nervous system across the age span. In adults, aluminum exposure can lead to apparently age-related neurological deficits resembling Alzheimer's and has been linked to this disease and to the Guamanian variant, ALS-PDC. Similar outcomes… Show more

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Cited by 233 publications
(128 citation statements)
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“…Zeolites can promote the adsorption of gas and excess water from the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore applied by the pet food industry for reducing odor and humidity of feces (Lowndes 2014). Aluminum is extremely reactive with carbon and oxygen, having immense implications for the health of humans and animals (Shaw and Tomljenovic 2013). Despite of its low bioavailability in the body, it is not yet fully understood how aluminum and its compounds interact in the absorption mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract (Berthon, 2002;Codex 2011).…”
Section: Aluminummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zeolites can promote the adsorption of gas and excess water from the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore applied by the pet food industry for reducing odor and humidity of feces (Lowndes 2014). Aluminum is extremely reactive with carbon and oxygen, having immense implications for the health of humans and animals (Shaw and Tomljenovic 2013). Despite of its low bioavailability in the body, it is not yet fully understood how aluminum and its compounds interact in the absorption mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract (Berthon, 2002;Codex 2011).…”
Section: Aluminummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…) and/or cationic (Al +3 ) forms (HOEKENGA, et al, 2003), which can be toxic to many plants, animals and microorganisms (DOREA;CLARKE, 2008;KIMOTO et al, 2010;SHAW;TOMLJENOVIC, 2013). Aluminum toxicity is especially raised when soil acidity is intensified by land-use intensification, i.e., industrial activities, and fertilization with acid action fertilizers (DIDHAM et al, 2015;FAGERIA;NASCENTE, 2014).…”
Section: +3mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this process, small amounts of aluminum ingested over the years accumulate in the brain tissue and form deposits that activate apoptosis and promote degeneration that leads to neuron loss. This toxic effect has been described with injected and ingested aluminum in animal models by different authors [14,[28][29][30][31][32] and some factors have being described to determine the grade of neurotoxicity, such as age and renal function [33]. Furthermore, there are groups already testing ways to protect neuronal tissue from the effects of aluminum [34,35].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%