Aluminum- and Vanadium-free Titanium Alloys for Medical Applications

Abstract

CP-Ti, Ti 6A l 4V (ELI), and Ti 6Al 7Nb are often used for manufacturing osteosynthesis products or implants. However, researches have revealed that Al and V can have detrimental effects on the human body. Therefore, several Al- and V-free near-α and (α+β) titanium alloys have been developed on the basis of CP-Ti Grade 4+ (Ti 0.4O 0.5Fe 0.08C). They should possess similar or better mechanical properties than Ti 6Al 4V (ELI) combined with an improved biocompatibility and good corrosion resistance. O, C, Fe, Au, Si, Nb, or Mo have been used as alloying elements, which are either already present in the human body or are biocompatible. Several of the studied alloys show a strength and ductility fulfilling the requirements of Ti 6Al 4V ELI as specified in ASTM F136. For instance, Ti 0.44O 0.5Fe 0.08C 2.0Mo exhibits a YTS of approx. 1005 MPa, an UTS of approx. 1015 MPa, and an elongation at rupture of at least 17%. Therefore, one or more of the studied alloys are promising candidates for replacing Ti 6Al 4V ELI in osteosynthesis and implant applications.

Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications

“…The substrate for the PEO treatment was a novel titanium alloy based on CP titanium grade 4+ material [ 10 ]. The elemental composition of the used alloy is shown in Table 1 .…”

“…Moreover, harmful metal ions such as aluminium or vanadium or even abraded nanoparticles can be released into the human body and lead to implant failure [ 7 , 8 ]. For this reason, new aluminium and vanadium-free titanium alloys are being developed [ 9 , 10 ]. Based on commercially pure titanium grade 4, this new material is alloyed with elements which are either essential or for which no hazards are known.…”

“…Based on commercially pure titanium grade 4, this new material is alloyed with elements which are either essential or for which no hazards are known. The developed alloys are required to meet the mechanical properties of the current standard alloy Ti Al6 V4 [ 10 ].…”

Anisotropic Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of a Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications Manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

“…Their application is justified by their high specific strength, low Young's modulus, and excellent corrosion resistance, as well as excellent biocompatibility [16][17][18][19][20]. Nevertheless, due to the toxicity of the alloying elements aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V), previous studies established a decrease in their biocompatibility and increased toxicity [21][22][23][24]. Consequently, intensified efforts have been dedicated to developing new types of biocompatible α + β and β titanium-based alloys, e.g., Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, or Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr.…”

Research on Explosive Hardening of Titanium Grade 2

“…The titanium alloy commonly used in implantology is Ti6Al4V (also known as grade 5 titanium), a two-phase alloy with high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent fatigue properties [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Although this material is commonly used for, among other things, hip prostheses, the relatively high content of aluminum may lead to a decrease in the biocompatibility of the implant [ 6 ]. For this reason, various solutions are being sought to reduce the share of aluminum, e.g., by developing new alloys (e.g., Ti5Al4V); however, they are characterized by lower strength parameters [ 7 ].…”