Aluminium in human breast tissue

Exley, Christopher; Charles, Lisa M; Barr, Lester; Martin, Claire; Polwart, Anthony; Darbre, Philippa D.

doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.005

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Dockets/ucm130350.htm) and in the range of those recently found in the human breast (Exley et al, 2007;Mannello et al, 2009Mannello et al, , 2011. Our findings do not provide conclusive evidence that aluminium is a breast carcinogen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Bacterial strains CC105 (upper panel) or ML3 (bottom panel) were grown in the presence or absence of 300 mM AlCl 3 and tested for the indicated mutations through the counting of Lac + revertants or Rifampicin resistants (Rif represents a major route through which the human mammary epithelium is exposed to aluminium. Interestingly, although aluminium concentrations in the body are generally low, levels measured in the breast area (including milk) are relatively high (Mannello et al, 2009(Mannello et al, , 2011Exley et al, 2007). Whether this is due to antiperspirant use or other routes of exposure, and whether it reflects intrinsic metabolic specificities of the breast, is currently not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, little is known about its toxic effects at the cellular and systemic levels, although it is generally acknowledged that aluminium is neurotoxic (Krewski et al, 2007;Kawahara and Kato-Negishi, 2011). With respect to the breast, relatively high levels of aluminium have been measured in the normal human breast adjacent to breast tumours (Exley et al, 2007), in the nipple aspirate fluid collected from women affected by breast cancer (Mannello et al, 2011), and in the fluid collected from breast cysts observed in gross cystic breast disease (Mannello et al, 2009), a benign breast disorder believed to facilitate the appearance of breast cancer. The relatively high levels of aluminium in these settings may result from intrinsic metabolic features of the tissue analysed, thus being purely correlative in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Sappino

Buser

Lesne

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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Aluminium salts used as antiperspirants have been incriminated as contributing to breast cancer incidence in Western societies. To date, very little or no epidemiological or experimental data confirm or infirm this hypothesis. We report here that in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells, a well-established normal human mammary epithelial cell model, long-term exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) concentrations of 10-300 mM, i.e. up to 100 000-fold lower than those found in antiperspirants, and in the range of those recently measured in the human breast, results in loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. These effects were preceded by an increase of DNA synthesis, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and senescence in proliferating cultures. AlCl 3 also induced DSBs and senescence in proliferating primary human mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, it had no similar effects on human keratinocytes or fibroblasts, and was not detectably mutagenic in bacteria. MCF-10A cells morphologically transformed by long-term exposure to AlCl 3 display strong upregulation of the p53/p21Waf1 pathway, a key mediator of growth arrest and senescence. These results suggest that aluminium is not generically mutagenic, but similar to an activated oncogene, it induces proliferation stress, DSBs and senescence in normal mammary epithelial cells; and that long-term exposure to AlCl 3 generates and selects for cells able to bypass p53/p21 Waf1 -mediated cellular senescence. Our observations do not formally identify aluminium as a breast carcinogen, but challenge the safety ascribed to its widespread use in underarm cosmetics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Sappino

Buser

Lesne

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…To date, only limited and inadequate measurements have been made of individual chemicals (and only one set of measurements remain in the database for parabens in breast) and there are no data on pro¼les of chemical content in individual human breast samples. Furthermore, in view of the disproportionate number of breast cancers in the upper outer quadrant, it would seem appropriate to investigate variations in regional distribution of chemicals across the human breast such as has been described recently for aluminium (Exley et al, 2007).…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Research Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks

Darbre

Harvey

2008

J of Applied Toxicology

592

375

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This toxicology update reviews research over the past four years since publication in 2004 of the ¼rst measurement of intact esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in human breast cancer tissues, and the suggestion that their presence in the human body might originate from topical application of bodycare cosmetics. The presence of intact paraben esters in human body tissues has now been con¼rmed by independent measurements in human urine, and the ability of parabens to penetrate human skin intact without breakdown by esterases and to be absorbed systemically has been demonstrated through studies not only in vitro but also in vivo using healthy human subjects. Using a wide variety of assay systems in vitro and in vivo, the oestrogen agonist properties of parabens together with their common metabolite ( p-hydroxybenzoic acid) have been extensively documented, and, in addition, the parabens have now also been shown to possess androgen antagonist activity, to act as inhibitors of sulfotransferase enzymes and to possess genotoxic activity. With the continued use of parabens in the majority of bodycare cosmetics, there is a need to carry out detailed evaluation of the potential for parabens, together with other oestrogenic and genotoxic co-formulants of bodycare cosmetics, to increase female breast cancer incidence, to interfere with male reproductive functions and to in½uence development of malignant melanoma which has also recently been shown to be in½uenced by oestrogenic stimulation.

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“…Las investigaciones muestran que el nivel de toxicidad del Al puede ser muy bajo (21) y puede provocar enfermedades respiratorias (4,16,21,22), neurológicas (15,17,23) y recientemente se ha reportado su efecto cancerígeno (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Aluminio en el Tracto Respiratorio Bajo de Residentes de la Ciudad de México

Manquián-Tejos¹,

Tovar-Gálvez²,

Yáñez-Canal³

2008

Rev. salud pública

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RESUMENObjetivo Se investigó la presencia de aluminio (Al) y de patologías respiratorias en el tracto respiratorio bajo de personas que habían residido en Ciudad de México por un tiempo mínimo de dos años. Métodos Se obtuvo 250 muestras de tejido respiratorio (lóbulos pulmonares, nódulo linfático peribronquial, bronquios e hilio), durante la autopsia médico legal de 36 individuos. Para la cuantificación de Al se utilizó plasma de inducción acoplado (ICP -OES) a la espectrofotometría de absorción atómica previo a lo cual las muestras fueron sometidas a un proceso de secado, trituración y digestión. Resultados Se identificaron 13 diferentes patologías, solo tres de ellas: enfisema pulmonar, bronquitis y antracosis, se correlacionan con la presencia de Al, elemento distribuido en concentraciones muy variables (rango:2,7 a 836,1 microgramos de Al por gramo de tejido seco (ì g Al/g ts). En lóbulos, bronquios e hilio la cantidad de Al encontrada fue mucho menor que la encontrada en nódulos peribronquiales, siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa. El análisis multivariado por conglomerados mostró que la muestra estaba conformada por tres clases de individuos, agrupados de acuerdo a la cantidad y distribución del Al en el tracto respiratorio bajo, a la edad, tiempo de residencia en la ciudad de México y presencia de patologías. Conclusión Se postula que el Al encontrado en el tracto respiratorio bajo de residentes de ciudad de México proviene del aire; la cantidad y el patrón de distribución dependen del tiempo y del lugar de residencia y al depositarse puede provocar enfermedades respiratorias.Palabras Clave: Contaminación del aire, material particulado, toxicidad, aluminio (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTObjective Investigating the presence of aluminium (Al) and respiratory pathologies in the lower respiratory tract of people who had lived in Mexico City for a minimum of two years.

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Aluminium in human breast tissue

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks

Aluminio en el Tracto Respiratorio Bajo de Residentes de la Ciudad de México

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