“…Jansen et al (2002) reported that Al accumulation is more common in the primitive taxa of Melastomataceae than in the derived ones, especially in some groups such as Miconieae and Merianieae. Chenery (1948a, b), Chenery and Sporne (1976), and Jansen et al (2000) also suggested a relation between the Al accumulation and a primitive status. In the derived members of the Melastomataceae, such as Melastomeae and Microlicieae (Clausing and Renner, 2001), the presence of Al accumulators is more variable (Jansen et al, 2002).…”
This study describes the aluminum (Al) accumulation in relation to macronutrient and micronutrient elements in 19 Melastomataceae species in the Guayana Region in Venezuela. The purpose was to investigate the Al accumulation in four tribes and different life forms. Aluminum accumulation was predicted in the basal tribes Miconieae and Merianieae in contrast to the derived tribes and herbs from any tribe, which generally do not accumulate Al. The survey was done in a vegetation continuum, which includes a savanna shrubland, a palm-swamp community, and an evergreen forest in the Guayana region in southeastern Venezuela. The highest value of soil Al concentration was found in the savanna shrubland, where ten lignified Miconiae and one Merianeae Al accumulators were present. At the forest, the site with highest soil acidity, four Al-accumulator tree species from Miconiae were found. Miconia lepidota showed similar Al foliar concentrations in the savanna shrubland and forest, but foliar Ca was lower in the forest, even though it was the site with highest Ca in the soil. At the palm-swamp community, the Melastomeae shrub Macairea pachyphylla was found with an Al concentration of 0.59 g kg -1 in leaves and 0.16 g kg -1 in bark. At the same site, Al accumulation occurred in one Microlicieae species, one Miconieae species, and in the Melastomeae herbs Pterogastra divaricata
“…Jansen et al (2002) reported that Al accumulation is more common in the primitive taxa of Melastomataceae than in the derived ones, especially in some groups such as Miconieae and Merianieae. Chenery (1948a, b), Chenery and Sporne (1976), and Jansen et al (2000) also suggested a relation between the Al accumulation and a primitive status. In the derived members of the Melastomataceae, such as Melastomeae and Microlicieae (Clausing and Renner, 2001), the presence of Al accumulators is more variable (Jansen et al, 2002).…”
This study describes the aluminum (Al) accumulation in relation to macronutrient and micronutrient elements in 19 Melastomataceae species in the Guayana Region in Venezuela. The purpose was to investigate the Al accumulation in four tribes and different life forms. Aluminum accumulation was predicted in the basal tribes Miconieae and Merianieae in contrast to the derived tribes and herbs from any tribe, which generally do not accumulate Al. The survey was done in a vegetation continuum, which includes a savanna shrubland, a palm-swamp community, and an evergreen forest in the Guayana region in southeastern Venezuela. The highest value of soil Al concentration was found in the savanna shrubland, where ten lignified Miconiae and one Merianeae Al accumulators were present. At the forest, the site with highest soil acidity, four Al-accumulator tree species from Miconiae were found. Miconia lepidota showed similar Al foliar concentrations in the savanna shrubland and forest, but foliar Ca was lower in the forest, even though it was the site with highest Ca in the soil. At the palm-swamp community, the Melastomeae shrub Macairea pachyphylla was found with an Al concentration of 0.59 g kg -1 in leaves and 0.16 g kg -1 in bark. At the same site, Al accumulation occurred in one Microlicieae species, one Miconieae species, and in the Melastomeae herbs Pterogastra divaricata
“…Also, the exotesta is discontinuous, consisting of irregular, isolated cells with ring-like thickenings around the entire circumference of the cells (Igersheim 1992). Furthermore, Craterispermum species are known as aluminium accumulators (Jansen et al 2000); the pale or yellowish colour of the dried leaves is typical for aluminium accumulating plants. The genus was traditionally associated with the tribe Vanguerieae (Bentham 1849, Robbrecht 1988) which belongs to subfamily Ixoroideae, but currently Craterispermum is placed in a tribe of its own, Craterispermeae, in the Psychotrieae alliance in subfamily Rubioideae (Robbrecht & Manen 2006;Razafimandimbison et al 2008;Bremer & Eriksson 2009).…”
The Afro-Madagascan genus Craterispermum (Craterispermeae, Rubiaceae) is taxonomically badly known. Hitherto, no species were described from Madagascar, although several taxa occur in the humid lowland forests in the eastern and northern regions of the island. In this contribution three new Madagascan Craterispermum species are described, C. motleyanum, C. puffianum and C. cervicorne. All are illustrated and their distribution is discussed. An identification key for the three new species is given.
“…Hyperaccumulator plants have mechanisms of aluminium resistance, such as synthesis of chelator agents and turnover of roots and leaves which have already reached high levels of aluminium Herrera 1987, Cuenca andMedina 1990). Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Vochysiaceae and Myrtaceae contain a great number of taxa whose life histories are related to soils presenting high Al contents (Chenery and Sporne 1976, Haridasan 1988, Jansen et al 2000, 2002a. Lycopodiaceae and Pteridaceae were previously described as pertaining to the aluminium accumulator families (Church 1888, Olivares et al 2009).…”
The soils developed under High Altitude Rocky Complexes in Brazil are generally of very low chemical fertility, with low base saturation and high exchangeable aluminium concentration. This stressful condition imposes evolutionary pressures that lead to ecological success of plant species that are able to tolerate or accumulate high amounts of aluminium. Several analytical methods are currently available for elemental mapping of biological structures, such as micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-EDX) and histochemical tests. The aim of this study was to combine µ-EDX analysis and histochemical tests to quantify aluminium in plants from High Altitude Rocky Complexes, identifying the main sites for Al-accumulation. Among the studied species, five showed total Al concentration higher than 1000 mg kg -1 . The main Al-hyperaccumulator plants, Lavoisiera pectinata, Lycopodium clavatum and Trembleya parviflora presented positive reactions in the histochemical tests using Chrome Azurol and Aluminon. Strong positive correlations were observed between the total Al concentrations and data obtained by µ-EDX analysis. The µ-EDX analysis is a potential tool to map and quantify Al in hyperaccumulator species, and a valuable technique due to its non-destructive capacity. Histochemical tests can be helpful to indicate the accumulation pattern of samples before they are submitted for further µ-EDX scrutiny.
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