Alternative Fuels: Gas to Liquids as Potential 21st Century Truck Fuels

Stavinoha, Leo L.; Alfaro, Emilio S.; Dobbs, Herbert H.; Villahermosa, Luis A.; Heywood, John B.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-3422

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A previously suggested minimum limit for BOTD was 0.440-0.50 mm. [2] The data reported in Table 5 suggests that for Army Arctic pumps the maximum limit for BOTD could be 0.60-0.65 mm as correlated to satisfactory performance in rotary pump testing.…”

Section: Figure 2 Average Wear Scar Versus Additive Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…If successful, this BOTD method would provide a solution to the use of current bench-top lubricity tests that: (1) are not sensitive to additives, such as the Scuffing Load Ball on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE) and High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR), and (2) are not representative of fuel pump conditions, such as the Ball on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE). Additionally, having a lubricity bench-top test that reliably detects even minute amounts of CI/LI additive will support a minimum additization specification for synthetic fuels.…”

Section: Importance Of Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. Past reports have shown that SLBOCLE and HFRR bench tests directionally correlate with field performance, but lack sensitivity to additives used at low concentration (i.e., 12 to 24 mg/L allowed by JP-8/JP-5 fuel specification).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of aromatics and sulfur has led to numerous fuel refining technologies including improved hydro-treatment and sulfur extraction. Furthermore, gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology utilizing Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalysis to convert synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbons under mild temperatures produces hydrocarbon fuels with essentially no sulfur or aromatics [2]. The military is interested in F-T fuel as a fuel cell reformer fuel and as an environmentally clean fuel for use in military vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Ball on Three Disks as Lubricity Evaluator for CI/LI in Synthetic JP-5

McKay¹,

Villahermosa²,

Muzzell³

2004

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Section: Figure 2 Average Wear Scar Versus Additive Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Importance Of Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Ball on Three Disks as Lubricity Evaluator for CI/LI in Synthetic JP-5

McKay¹,

Villahermosa²,

Muzzell³

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Therefore, the emission control of diesel engines focuses on reducing NO x and smoke or PM. In recent years, gas-to-liquids (GTL) fuel, as an alternative diesel fuel, has attracted considerable attention [1][2][3]. Gas-to-liquids can be synthesized via Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalytic conversion process using natural gas as feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with gas-to-liquids

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2007

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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Emission characteristics of a turbocharged, intercooled, heavy-duty diesel engine operating on neat gas-toliquids (GTL) and blends of GTL with conventional diesel were investigated and a comparison was made with those of diesel fuel. The results show that nitrogen oxides (NO x ), smoke, and particulate matter (PM) emissions can be decreased when operating on GTL and diesel-GTL blends. Engine emissions decrease with an increase of GTL fraction in the blends. Compared with diesel fuel, an engine operating on GTL can reduce NO x , PM, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) by 23.7%, 27.6%, 16.6% and 12.9% in ECE R49 13-mode procedure, respectively. Engine speed and load have great influences on emissions when operating on diesel-GTL blends and diesel fuel in the turbocharged diesel engine. The study indicates that GTL is a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines to reduce emissions.

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Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on combustion and emissions of direct injection diesel engine

Huang

Wang

Zhou

2008

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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Effects of Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a singlecylinder direct injection diesel engine under different fuel delivery advance angles were investigated. The experimental results show that F-T diesel fuel exhibits shorter ignition delay, lower peak values of premixed burning rate, lower combustion pressure and pressure rise rate, and higher peak value of diffusion burning rate than conventional diesel fuel when the engine remains unmodified. In addition, the unmodified engine with F-T diesel fuel has lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher effective thermal efficiency, and presents lower HC, CO, NO x and smoke emissions than conventional diesel fuel. When fuel delivery advance angle is retarded by 3 crank angle degrees, the combustion duration is obviously shortened; the peak values of premixed burning rate, the combustion pressure and pressure rise rate are further reduced; and the peak value of diffusion burning rate is further increased for F-T diesel fuel operation. Moreover, the retardation of fuel delivery advance angle results in a further significant reduction in NO x emissions with no penalty on specific fuel consumption and with much less penalty on HC, CO and smoke emissions.

show abstract

Alternative Fuels: Gas to Liquids as Potential 21st Century Truck Fuels

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of Ball on Three Disks as Lubricity Evaluator for CI/LI in Synthetic JP-5

Evaluation of Ball on Three Disks as Lubricity Evaluator for CI/LI in Synthetic JP-5

Emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with gas-to-liquids

Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on combustion and emissions of direct injection diesel engine

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