Alternative fuels – Effects on clinker process and properties

Chatterjee, Anjan; Sui, Tongbo

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105777

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The kiln thermal requirement for the manufacture of OPC clinker is about 3450 MJ/tclinker, representing the average value of data reported in the scientific literature (3100-3800 MJ/tclinker) [66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. CO2 specific emissions from the clinker burning process, generated by both limestone calcination (0.54 tCO2/tclinker) and fuel combustion, is estimated at about 0.86 tCO2/tclinker; these data represent the average value calculated on the basis of several scientific papers (0.83-0.89 tCO2/tclinker) [66,[73][74]. The energy consumption associated with CSA clinker manufacture accounts for about 2700 MJ/tclinker [75]; furthermore, the amount of the emitted CO2 is around 25-35% lower than that generated in the production of OPC clinker (0.86 tCO2/tclinker) [67,[76][77][78].…”

Section: Environmental Implications Of the Manufacture Of Csa-based Cmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of Potabilized Water Sludge in the Production of Low-Energy Blended Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements

2021

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Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) manufacture determines about 8% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This has led to both the cement producers and the scientific community to develop new cementitious materials with a reduced carbon footprint. Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements are special hydraulic binders from non-Portland clinkers; they represent an important alternative to OPC due to their peculiar composition and significantly lower impact on the environment. CSA cements contain less limestone and require lower synthesis temperatures, which means a reduced kiln thermal energy demand and lower CO2 emissions. CSA cements can also be mixed with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) which further reduce the carbon footprint. This article was aimed at evaluating the possibility of using different amounts (20 and 35% by mass) of water potabilization sludges (WPSs) as SCM in CSA-blended cements. WPSs were treated thermally (TT) at 700° in order to obtain an industrial pozzolanic material. The hydration properties and the technical behavior of two different CSA-blended cements were investigated using differential thermal–thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses, mercury intrusion porosimetry, shrinkage/expansion and compressive strength measurements. The results showed that CSA binders containing 20% by mass of TTWPSs exhibited technological properties similar to those relating to plain CSA cement and were characterized by more pronounced eco-friendly features.

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Section: Environmental Implications Of the Manufacture Of Csa-based Cmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of Potabilized Water Sludge in the Production of Low-Energy Blended Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements

2021

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“…This fact is mainly due to the high production of materials as well as their low cost. More specifically, the consumption of ceramic materials in the building sector, among others, causes the scarcity of natural resources such as clay [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] as well as generates significant CO 2 emissions due to poorly optimized industrial processes [ 6 ]. Moreover, the construction sector accounts for the largest percentage of the global energy consumption [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Geopolymers as Substitutes for Traditional Ceramics for Bricks with Chamotte and Biomass Bottom Ash

et al. 2021

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The greater environmental awareness, new environmental regulations and the optimization of resources make possible the development of sustainable materials as substitutes for the traditional materials used in construction. In this work, geopolymers were developed as substitutes to traditional ceramics for brick manufacture, using as raw materials: chamotte, as a source of aluminosilicate, and biomass bottom ashes from the combustion of almond shell and alpeorujo (by-product produced in the extraction of olive oil composed of solid parts of the olive and vegetable fats), as the alkaline activator. For the feasibility study, samples were made of all possible combinations of both residues from 100% chamotte to 100% biomass bottom ash. The tests carried out on these sample families were the usual physical tests for ceramic materials, notably the compression strength test, as well as colorimetric tests. The freezing test was also carried out to study the in-service behavior of the different sample groups. The families with acceptable results were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results of the previous tests showed that the geopolymer was indeed created for the final families and that acceptable mechanical and aging properties were obtained according to European standards. Therefore, the possibility of creating geopolymers with chamotte and biomass bottom ashes as substitutes for conventional ceramics was confirmed, developing an economical, sustainable material, without major changes in equipment and of similar quality to those traditionally used for bricks.

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“…In addition to cement production, work is being done to reduce CO2 emissions across the cement cycle, including quarrying, the production and transportation of concrete, the management of end-of-life materials, recycling, optimisation of concrete structural design to minimise cement consumption, and enhanced durability to extend the life of structures and hence minimise cement consumption. The use of alternative fuels such as municipal solid waste is an integral part of the modern cement production process, and has contributed substantially to recycling of residue and CO2 reduction [7]. Although expensive and highly energy intensive, the capture and geological storage of CO2 is viewed as a future technology to substantially reduce CO2 emissions from clinker production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Roadmap for Production of Cement and Concrete with Low-CO2 Emissions

Deventer

White

Myers

2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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This review will show that low-CO2 cements can be produced to give superior durability, based on a sound understanding of their microstructure and how it impacts macro-engineering properties. For example, it is essential that aluminium is available in calcium-rich alkali-activated systems to offset the depolymerisation effect of alkali cations on C-(N)-A-S-H gel. The upper limit on alkali cation incorporation into a gel greatly affects mix design and source material selection. A high substitution of cement clinker in low-CO2 cements may result in a reduction of pH buffering capacity, hence susceptibility to carbonation and corrosion of steel reinforcement. With careful mix design, a more refined pore structure and associated lower permeability can still give a highly durable concrete. It is essential to expand thermodynamic databases for current and prospective cementitious materials so that concrete performance and durability can be predicted when using low-CO2 binders. Cationic copolymer and amphoteric plasticisers, when available commercially, will enhance the development of alkali-activated materials. The development of supersonic shockwave reactors will enable the conversion of a wide range of virgin and secondary source materials into cementitious materials, replacing blast furnace slag and coal fly ash that have dwindling supply. A major obstacle to the commercial adoption of low-CO2 concrete is the prescriptive nature of existing standards and design codes, so there is an urgent need to shift towards performance-based standards. The roadmap presented here is not an extension of current cement practice, but a new way of integrating fundamental research, equipment innovation, and commercial opportunity.

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Alternative fuels – Effects on clinker process and properties

Cited by 69 publications

References 4 publications

Use of Potabilized Water Sludge in the Production of Low-Energy Blended Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements

Use of Potabilized Water Sludge in the Production of Low-Energy Blended Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements

Development of Geopolymers as Substitutes for Traditional Ceramics for Bricks with Chamotte and Biomass Bottom Ash

A Roadmap for Production of Cement and Concrete with Low-CO2 Emissions

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