Alternative Fuels

Goodger, E. M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04364-4

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This shows that all four pool fires had a similar peak HRR in the range 16-18 kW or 100 -112 kW/m 2 . This is that expected from the constant flow, as there is typically 3 MJ/kg of air released in combustion [19], irrespective of the fuel and for 0.0056 kg/s of air supply to the compartment 17 kW HRR would be expected, which is in agreement with that found. These pool fire HRR are very low in this severely air starved region.…”

Section: Heat Release Ratesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…All four pool fires had a similar peak HRR in the range 16-18 kW or 100 -112 kW/m 2 . This is that expected from the air flow, as there is typically 3 MJ/kg of air released in combustion [19], irrespective of the fuel and for 0.0056 kg/s of air supply to the compartment 16.8 kW HRR would be expected, 3. The pool fires all had relatively low ceiling temperatures in the range 300 -500 o C, with very poor combustion efficiency and very high yields of CO and HC, with associated high toxicity levels.…”

Section: Particulate Yields and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Fuel Volatility Effects on Pool Fires in Compartments with Low Ventilation

Aljumaiah¹,

Andrews²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Pool fires in low ventilation compartments give rise to ghosting flames and their toxic and particulate emissions were investigated for 400mm square pool fires in a 1.6 m 3 compartment with ventilation of 0.035 kg/m 2 s, air mass flow rate per pool surface area. These conditions produced global compartment equivalence ratios that were rich and this did occur for kerosene and heptane , but diesel and toluene only achieved near stoichiometric conditions . The low ventilation produced low ceiling temperatures of between 380 and 480 o C with the highest temperature for diesel and the lowest for heptane. Particulate mass emissions were highest for kerosene at 6.5 g/kg f and lowest for heptane at 0.9 g/kg f . Soot emissions were lowest for heptane at 0.2 g/kg f and highest for kerosene at 5 g/kg f . These are relatively low soot emissions, due to the low fire temperatures for near stoichiometric combustion. These low temperatures were mainly due to low combustion efficiencies with high CO and HC yields.

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Section: Heat Release Ratesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Particulate Yields and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Fuel Volatility Effects on Pool Fires in Compartments with Low Ventilation

Aljumaiah¹,

Andrews²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…The line shown was calculated according to equation 2, where y = fitted cetane number and x = chain length of the fatty acid. y = 24.48 + 8.431 x -0.1299X ~ [2] The nonlinearity of the relationship between carbon chain length and cetane number for the methyl ester is in contrast to the linear relationship for the normal hydrocarbon (18), although the data presented by those authors suggests a nonlinearity at longer chain lengths of the hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of molecular weights of fatty acid esters on cetane numbers as diesel fuels

Klopfenstein

1985

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

108

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Cetane numbers for various esters of the saturated fatty acids from C8 to C18 have been determined according to ASTM D‐613. For the methyl esters the cetane numbers were found to increase in a non‐linear relationship with the chain length of the fatty acid. Cetane numbers of esters in which the fatty acid is kept constant while the alcohol esterified is altered also increased with the molecular weight of the ester. However, increases in the molecular weight of the fatty acid portion of the ester produce greater increases in cetane number than the same change in molecular weight in the alcohol portion of the ester. Except for the esters of octanoic acid, all of the esters tested had cetane numbers above the value of 40, which is specified as the minimum cetane number for commercial diesel fuel.

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“…Several alcohols have been used; those of major interest are methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether. Their high flame speed and wide flammability ranges characterize alcohol fuels despite their low flame emissivity, so they are expected to show superior flame stability and emissions (Goodger 1980). However, there are some disadvantages of alcohol fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Iso‐butanol‐diesel Blends on Engine Performance

2008

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abstract. The effect of iso-butanol addition to diesel fuel on engine performance parameters has been experimentally investigated. The used engine was a single cylinder four stroke CI engine Type Lister 1-8. The tests were performed at engine speed that ranges from 375 to 625 with an increment of 42 rpm at different loads and with 10, 20, 30 and 40% v/v iso-butanol-diesel fuel blends. The overall engine performance parameters measured included air-fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas temperature, brake power (B p ), brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and brake thermal efficiency (η th ). The experimental results show that AFR, exhaust gas temperature, (B p ) and (η bth ) decreased and bsfc increased with iso-butanol addition compared to net diesel fuel. Also, the obtained results indicate that the engine performance parameters when using up to 30% iso-butanol in fuel blends are better than that of 40%.

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Alternative Fuels

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Fuel Volatility Effects on Pool Fires in Compartments with Low Ventilation

Fuel Volatility Effects on Pool Fires in Compartments with Low Ventilation

Effect of molecular weights of fatty acid esters on cetane numbers as diesel fuels

The Effect of Iso‐butanol‐diesel Blends on Engine Performance

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