Alternative fuel in the combustion process of combustion engines

Jankowski, A.; Kowalski, Mirosław

doi:10.2478/jok-2018-0047

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Poland, the subject of research on the impact of supplying internal combustion engines with emulsion fuels was dealt with by Jankowski [8][9][10][11]. As a result of research done by Jankowski showed that microemulsions retain the usability of the emulsion while minimizing the negative features of this type of fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Haller,

Kaźmierczak

et al. 2023

Combustion Engines

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The development of internal combustion engines is focused at solving problems like: fulfillment with increasingly stringent requirements regarding exhaust emissions and elimination of threats to the natural environment. The subject of this thesis is to assessment the impact of supplying a compression-ignition engine with hydrocarbon mixtures and to examine the impact of water on external parameters of the engine, such as smoke opacity. The tests were carried out using a innovative mixture of hydrated fusel oils, ethyl alcohol and ionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers, from which was made of microemulsions with a water content in diesel oil of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The main tests were carried out on a 4-cylinder VW 1.9 TDI internal combustion engine at a constant engine crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm and variable load of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Nm. The tests carried out showed a beneficial effect of the water content in the diesel oil on the reduction of the average value of smoke opacity, which systematically decreases with the increase in the percentage of water in the diesel oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Haller,

Kaźmierczak

et al. 2023

Combustion Engines

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“…Droplets in the spray have different diameters, depending on the discharge conditions and fuel properties. From the point of view of the econo-mics of the combustion engine operation and the emission of toxic exhaust components, differences in the size of droplets should be within a narrow range [4,5]. To determine the quality of the fuel spray, two substitute diameters Sauter (D 32 ) and Herdan (D 43 ) were selected, the first of which refers to heat transfer and the second − to combustion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Research of the Fuel Atomization Process of Internal Combustion Engines

Stężycki

Kowalski²,

Jankowski³

et al. 2020

Nauka teh.

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The paper presents test methods (mechanical, electrical and optical) for the fuel spray research in combustion engines. Optical methods, imaging and non-imaging can be used in laboratory and engine tests. Imaging methods include flash photography and holography. Their use is limited to testing droplet dimensions larger than 5 µm. Imaging methods have an advantage over non-imaging ones because they allow the droplet to be seen at the point and time where its measurement is required. Non-imaging methods can be divided into two groups: the first, which counts and measures, individual droplets one at a time, and the second, which measures a large number of droplets simultaneously. Exemplary results of research of droplet size distribution in fuel sprays are shown. In tests of atomized fuel spray, in conditions reflecting the conditions of the internal combustion engine, the size of droplets, their distribution in the spray and the velocity of individual droplets are presented. To determine the quality of the fuel spray, two substitute diameters Sauter (D32) and Herdan (D43) were selected, the first of which refers to heat transfer and the second to combustion processes. Laser research equipment including Particle Image Velocimetry laser equipment (PIV), Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) were applied for testing fuel spray distribution for two kind of fuel. The atomization process from the point of view of combustion and ignition processes, as well as emission levels, is characterized by the best substitute diameter D43, which value is close to the median volume. The most harmful droplets of fuel in the spray are large droplets. Even a few such droplets significantly change the combustion process and emission of toxic exhaust components, mainly NOx.

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The model of selecting multimodal technologies for the transport of perishable products

Leleń

Wasiak

2019

AoT

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The main goal of this paper is to provide an original model of selecting multimodal technologies for the transport of perishable goods. The model in particular refers to the transportability of cargoes. The features of cargoes that have the most impact on transportability were specified. Formal representations of the key elements of the model were presented and characterized, including: perishable cargoes, form of transported goods (solid, liquid, etc.), means of handling (including loading devices and transport means), transport routes, categories of human labor, multimodal technologies and transportation tasks. A formal representation of decision variables, as well as constrains and a criterion function were provided. The model bases on two main solution assessment criteria: cost criterion and cargo safety criterion. A cargo safety criterion in the model is composed of 18 partial criterion functions. Each of these functions directly affects one safety aspect of the transported cargo. The exemplary partial criteria of cargo safety included in the model are: acceptable transport time, minimum or maximum temperature in the cargo’s direct surroundings, resistance to mechanical damage. In order to present a practical application of the presented mathematical model the paper shows also an example of selecting one of the multimodal technologies for the transport of perishable goods from the set of pre-defined types of multimodal transport technologies. The developed method uses different elements of the mathematical model provided in the paper, depending on the considered problem (including characteristics of cargo and their transport forms). For a significant group of perishable cargoes, it is not required to consider all defined criteria associated with cargo safety. The developed model allows for the accurate selection of transport technology for perishable cargoes for most transportation tasks. It should help to increase the efficiency of selection of multimodal transport technology for perishable products. The selected technology will then be characterized by the lowest transport cost and will ensure the safety of transported cargoes, as well as will meet other requirements determined by the transport task. As part of further work, it is possible to develop proposed method by considering additional characteristics of perishable cargoes.

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Alternative fuel in the combustion process of combustion engines

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Laser Research of the Fuel Atomization Process of Internal Combustion Engines

The model of selecting multimodal technologies for the transport of perishable products

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