Alternative complement pathway activation by Salmonella O polysaccharide as a virulence determinant in the mouse

Saxén, Harri; Reima, Ilkka; Mäkelä, P. Helena

doi:10.1016/0882-4010(87)90111-2

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is, at least partly, a result of 0 6,7 activating complement by the alternative pathway more rapidly than 0 4,12 (Liang-Takasaki et al, 1983), which promotes rapid phagocytosis (Liang-Takasaki et al, 1982) and intracellular killing of S . choleraesuis and other bacteria that carry the 0 6,7 antigen by peritoneal macrophages (Nnalue and Stocker, 19873;Saxen et al, 1987). These facts are inconsistent with the unusually high mortality rates associated with infections caused by this organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…This is not the case in infections caused by S. typhimuriurn or S . enteritidis in which adoptively transferred B cells (Hochadel and Keller, 1977), serum or monoclonal antibody (Colwell et al, 1984;Carlin et al, 1987;Saxen et al, 1987) or killed or artificial vaccines (Herzberg et al, 1972;Lindberg et al, 1974;Ornellas et al, 1974), which primarily elicit antibody, are protective. The 0 antigen is the main protective immunogen against infection with these serotypes and protection is 0-antigen-specific (Ornellas et al, 1970 ; Lyman et al, 1979 ; Carlin et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…choleraesuis surviving the initial killing in the peritoneal cavity could multiply to kill a mouse. Published work (Nnalue and Stocker, 19876;Saxen et al, 1987) suggests that antiphagocytic properties play little or no role in the survival and multiplication of S. choleraesuis in uiuo ; thus, antimicrobial mechanisms that simply increase the rate of phagocytosis should have little effect on the outcome of infection. The perfused rat or mouse liver can trap bacteria extracellularly within sinusoids (Moon et al, 1975) and both Kupfer and endothelial cells can trap salmonellae (Friedman and Moon, 1977).…”

Section: Choleraesuismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mice vaccinated with a non-virulent, aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella choleraesuis die from challenge with its virulent parent but survive challenge with Salmonella typhimurium

Nnalue

1990

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choleraesuismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mice vaccinated with a non-virulent, aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella choleraesuis die from challenge with its virulent parent but survive challenge with Salmonella typhimurium

Nnalue

1990

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The importance of anti-Salmonella Ab for these modalities of cell-mediated immunity has been previously demonstrated using serum and cells from C57BL/6 mice (21). Other work in men and mice has indicated that opsonization of Salmonella with C3 is required for optimal intracellular killing (13,(34)(35)(36), and work with C1q-deficient mice has shown a role for the classical pathway of complement in protecting against S. Typhimurium (37). If C3 deposition on Salmonella is a requirement for such killing, this suggests that the threshold level of C3 deposition required for opsonization leading to intracellular killing of Salmonella is lower than the level required for bactericidal terminal pathway complement activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absent Bactericidal Activity of Mouse Serum against Invasive African Nontyphoidal Salmonella Results from Impaired Complement Function but Not a Lack of Antibody

Siggins

Cunningham

Marshall

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella are a major cause of fatal bacteremia in Africa. Developing a vaccine requires an improved understanding of the relevant mechanisms of protective immunity, and the mouse model of Salmonella infection is useful for studying immunity to Salmonella in vivo. It is important to appreciate the similarities and differences between immunity to Salmonella in mice and men. Ab is important for protection against nontyphoidal Salmonella in both species, and we have previously found an important role for Ab in cell-free complement-mediated bactericidal activity against Salmonella in Africans. It is unclear whether this modality of immunity is relevant in the mouse model. C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H mice immunized with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium strains D23580 (African invasive strain) and SL1344 and live-attenuated strain SL3261 produced a Salmonella-specific Ab response. Sera from these mice deposited reduced levels of C3 on Salmonella compared with human sera and were unable to kill both wild-type and galE− rough mutant of D23580, indicating absent cell-free killing via classical and alternative complement pathways. Supplementing immune mouse sera with human complement enabled killing of Salmonella, whereas addition of human anti-Salmonella Ab to immune mouse sera had no effect. These findings indicate that mouse serum cannot effect cell-free complement-dependent killing of Salmonella, because of the reduced mouse complement ability to kill these bacteria compared with human complement. This difference in Ab-dependent immunity to Salmonella in mice and men must be considered when applying findings from the mouse model of Salmonella disease and vaccination response to man.

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“…A mouse salmonellosis model [18] was used to obtain plasma samples containing Salmonella endotoxin. Female 8-week-old (CBA X C57BL/6) Fl mice (Bomholtgard Breeding and Research Centre, Ry, Denmark) received an intraperitoneal injection of 10-50 times the LD so of S. typhimurium SH4338 and SH4336.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Experimental Endotoxemia by Means of an Immunolimulus Assay Using Both SerotypeSpecific and Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Saxén

Vuopio‐Varkila²,

Luk³

et al. 1993

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The immunolimulus (IML) assay system uses solid-phase endotoxin antibodies to capture lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is then quantified by a modification of the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (CLAL) method. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with selected 0 antigen serotypes of Escherichia coli (018) and Salmonella typhimurium (0)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)12), when used in the IML, were shown to be highly specific in detecting their respective endotoxins in purified form and in plasma samples from experimentally infected animals. A murine MAb that was broadly cross-reactive with E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella endotoxins also proved to be highly effective in the IML assay for capturing LPS molecules from both E. coli and S. typhimurium strains. These results indicate that IML assays can detect smooth-type enterobacterial endotoxins in plasma and suggest that such assays have potential for use in the rapid diagnosis of sepsis and endotoxemia caused by different enterobacterial species.As many as 600,000 episodes of sepsis occur annually in the United States and about half of these cases are associated with positive blood cultures [I]. About half of all cases of sepsis are thought to be caused by gram-negative organisms [2] and the overall case-fatality rate associated with these infections is '"'-' 35% [3]. The incidence of severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria has clearly increased during the past decade, most likely as the result of both the better survival of severely compromised patients and the greater use of invasive techniques in modern medicine. Accordingly, septic shock is one of the leading causes of mortality in hospitalized patients in the United States.Despite advances in rapid diagnostic methods used in microbiology, the diagnosis of bacteremia and sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria is still based on conventional and time-consuming blood culture methods. The need to develop a more rapid method for detection of gram-negative septicemia and endotoxemia is underscored by the imminent introduction of new and expensive antiinfective therapies, including endotoxin-binding proteins [4,5] directed an tibodies or inhibitors [6]. Only certain su bgrou ps of patients with sepsis or septic shock syndrome will realize benefits from these new therapies, and thus screening and identification of these particular persons is essential for both medical and economic reasons [7].New diagnostic methods for detecting bacterial endotoxin have been investigated in our laboratory [8,9], culminating in the development ofa rapid method for the detection of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). This immunolimulus (IML) assay used Hib LOS-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in a solid-phase system to capture Hib LOS present in plasma samples from experimentally infected animals [10]. This capture step provided the necessary specificity for this method, while the requisite sensitivity was obtained by the use of the chromogenic limuIus amebocyte lysate (CLAL) assay...

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Alternative complement pathway activation by Salmonella O polysaccharide as a virulence determinant in the mouse

Cited by 56 publications

References 34 publications

Mice vaccinated with a non-virulent, aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella choleraesuis die from challenge with its virulent parent but survive challenge with Salmonella typhimurium

Mice vaccinated with a non-virulent, aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella choleraesuis die from challenge with its virulent parent but survive challenge with Salmonella typhimurium

Absent Bactericidal Activity of Mouse Serum against Invasive African Nontyphoidal Salmonella Results from Impaired Complement Function but Not a Lack of Antibody

Detection of Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Experimental Endotoxemia by Means of an Immunolimulus Assay Using Both SerotypeSpecific and Cross-Reactive Antibodies

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