“…However, measurement of the achievement of students with significant cognitive disabilities is mired in confusion. States prefer performance assessments and rating scales over portfolio assessments, but only leaders within each state can decide which approach works best in that state (Elliott & Roach, 2007). The approach does not have to be common across the country (Elliott & Roach, 2007 states offered diploma options for students with disabilities and others had multiple diploma options, including "certificate of attendance or completion" for all students, at the time of the NCEO and NTACT brief, none had diploma options that met the criteria of ESSA (NCEO & NTACT, 2017).…”