Effects of Modification Packages to Improve Test and Item Accessibility: Less Is More

Psychometric Challenges in Assessing English Language Learners and Students With Disabilities

“…In addition, the results provided evidence for the modification of shortening the length of the item stem and evidence for the modification of using visuals for mathematics items. Additional guidelines on how to modify items to improve accessibility is provided by Kettler (2011).…”

Adaptations and Access to Assessment of Common Core Content

“…Differential boost has been used extensively to design research studies on the effectiveness of accommodations and modifications for students with functional impairments (Fuchs, Fuchs, & Capizzi, 2005; Kettler, 2011a; Sireci et al, 2005). Differential boost has also been incorporated into tools such as the Dynamic Assessment of Testing Accommodations (Fuchs & Fuchs, 2001) and the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (Brown, Fishco, & Hanna, 1993) that provide equivalent forms and norms in both accommodated and unaccommodated conditions, such that an individual examinee’s boost can be compared with the average boost experienced in the normative population.…”

An Analysis of the Rise and Fall of the AA-MAS Policy

“…In an exploratory analysis, shortening the question stem was found to potentially be a highly effective change, whereas adding graphics to reading items was a poor change in terms of affecting student performance. Another study (Kettler, 2011) looked at "modification" packages in reading and math content areas for seventh-grade students. In general, measurement precision was better for eligible students on the "modified" test.…”