Altered protamine expression and diminished spermatogenesis: what is the link?

Carrell, Douglas T.; Emery, Benjamin R.; Hammoud, Saher Sue

doi:10.1093/humupd/dml057

Cited by 318 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Protamines may act as a regulating checkpoint of spermatogenesis and alterations in the process of protamine substitution may lead to an apoptotic process that ends in severely diminished semen quality [Carrell et al, 2007]. Remarkably, phosphorylation of H2AX has been associated with the induction of apoptosis in somatic cells [Mukherjee et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and delayed X‐ray‐induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells

Cordelli¹,

Eleuteri²,

Grollino³

et al. 2012

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information. Various stages of spermatogenesis are characterized by large differences in radiosensitivity. Differentiating spermatogonia are susceptible to radiationinduced cell killing, but some of them can repair DNA damage and progress through differentiation. In this study, we applied the neutral comet assay, immunodetection of phosphorylated H2AX (g-H2AX) and the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) to detect DNA strand breaks in testicular cells and spermatozoa at different times following in vivo X-ray irradiation. Radiation produced DNA strand breaks in testicular cells that were repaired within the first few hours after exposure. Spermatozoa were resistant to the induction of DNA damage, but non-targeted DNA lesions were detected in spermatozoa derived from surviving irradiated spermatogonia. These lesions formed while round spermatids started to elongate within the testicular seminiferous tubules. The transcription of pro-apoptotic genes at this time was also enhanced, suggesting that an apoptotic-like process was involved in DNA break production. Our results suggest that proliferating spermatogonia retain a memory of the radiation insult that is recognized at a later developmental stage and activates a process leading to DNA fragmentation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 53:429-439, 2012. V V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and delayed X‐ray‐induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells

Cordelli¹,

Eleuteri²,

Grollino³

et al. 2012

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…During animal spermiogenesis, mRNA localization and translation are regulated in a stage-specific manner (22)(23)(24). During spermiogenesis, DNA-binding histones are replaced by protamines, resulting in chromatin condensation and cessation of transcription in elongating spermatids (25,26). Hence, in haploid spermatids, transcription and translation are temporally uncoupled to ensure protein synthesis in transcriptionally silent germ cells.…”

Section: A Combination Of Sequences In the 5′ Utr And Coding Region Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular communication in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen discovered via AHG3 transcript movement from the vegetative cell to sperm

Jiang

Boavida

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An Arabidopsis pollen grain (male gametophyte) consists of three cells: the vegetative cell, which forms the pollen tube, and two sperm cells enclosed within the vegetative cell. It is still unclear if there is intercellular communication between the vegetative cell and the sperm cells. Here we show that ABA-hypersensitive germination3 (AHG3), encoding a protein phosphatase, is specifically transcribed in the vegetative cell but predominantly translated in sperm cells. We used a series of deletion constructs and promoter exchanges to document transport of AHG3 transcripts from the vegetative cell to sperm and showed that their transport requires sequences in both the 5′ UTR and the coding region. Thus, in addition its known role in transporting sperm during pollen tube growth, the vegetative cell also contributes transcripts to the sperm cells.

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“…Protamine deficiency potentially has diverse origins. For a recent review, see [Carrell et al 2007]. Mutations in the PRM1 and PRM2 genes have been identified in infertile men [Aoki et al 2006b;Ravel et al 2007].…”

Section: Protaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermiogenesis and DNA Repair: A Possible Etiology of Human Infertility and Genetic Disorders

Leduc¹,

Nkoma²,

Boissonneault³

2008

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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This paper reviews the possible origin of sperm DNA fragmentation and focuses on the nuclear events associated with spermiogenesis as a potential source of genetic instability and reduced fertilizing potential of the mature male gamete. Recent findings suggest a programmed DNA fragmentation and DNA damage response during the chromatin remodeling steps in spermatids. We also discuss the spermatid DNA repair mechanisms and the possible involvement of condensing proteins, such as transition proteins and protamines, in the process, as this DNA fragmentation is normally not found in late spermatids. We propose that alterations in the chromatin remodeling steps or DNA repair in elongating spermatids may lead to persistent DNA breaks. This vulnerable step of spermiogenesis may provide a clue to the etiology of sperm DNA fragmentation associated with infertility in humans. This vulnerability is further emphasized given the haploid character of spermatids that must resolve programmed double-stranded breaks by an error-prone DNA repair mechanism. Therefore, spermiogenesis has probably been overlooked as an important source of genetic instability.

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Altered protamine expression and diminished spermatogenesis: what is the link?

Cited by 318 publications

References 195 publications

Direct and delayed X‐ray‐induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells

Direct and delayed X‐ray‐induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells

Intercellular communication in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen discovered via AHG3 transcript movement from the vegetative cell to sperm

Spermiogenesis and DNA Repair: A Possible Etiology of Human Infertility and Genetic Disorders

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