Altered plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in cows affected with severe clinical mastitis

Pharmacokinetic Studies Of Ceftiofur (Ceftiprima In Calves)

“…The elimination half life of ceftiofur t0.5(el) subsequent single intramuscular administration was (8.30±0.158 h).This obtained result is similar to those stated in cattle (8.13 and 9.20h, Gorden, et al,2015 andWang et al, 2018) and nearly similar to those results in cattle (10.3h,Hornish and Kotarski 2002),but not similar to the results of intramuscular administration of ceftiofur in calves (3.56,Halsteadet al,1992),buffalo calves (17 h, Sudamrao, 2015),neonatal calves ( 19.9h ,Altanet al,2017),dairy goats (2.6h,Courtinet al, 1997),camels (3.2h,Goudah, 2007, water buffalo (12.72h,Nieet al,2015) and cattle (5.03 and15.3h, Liu et al,2010 andTohamy, 2008).The differences between the value systems calculated for pharmacokinetic parameters can be directly linked to the species of animal, formulations of the drug used, the sex, size or age of the animals, discrepancies in deposits of fatty tissue between breeds or species of animals , and even inter-individual variations, as well as the drug analysis method (Riond et al, 1989).…”

“…And also compatible with the result obtained from other cephalosporin as i.m administration of cefepime in ewes (0.49h, Ismail , 2005a) and cefqinome in piglet (0.4h, Li et al,2008).This value is lower than ceftiofur in cows (1.30h, Liu et al,2010),but longer than those results in non lactating goats (0.26h Courtin et al,1997) and this may be due to its high enzyme levels and the result in buffalo calves (0.11h, (Sudamrao, 2015) . Ceftiofur reached a maximum serum concentration after (2.48±0.07h) this result is similar to ceftiofur reported in cattle and water buffalo (2.00 and 2.87h , Nie et al,2015 andGorden et al,2015). The present result is nearly similar to the results in calves (1.82 and 1.5h;Halsteadet al,1992 and Altan et al,2017).however disagreed with those stated in sheep (0.81h, Craigmill et al,1997), goats (1.17h, Courtin et al, 1997), camel (1.22h, Goudah, 2007), buffalo calves (0.33h, Sudamrao,2015) and cattle (0.67h, Hornish and Kotarski 2002).…”

“…After comparison to other cephalosporin, the time studied to reach the maximum serum concentration (Tmax) was agreed with those reported in cefqinome in broiler chicken (2.8h,El-Mahdy et al, 2015) The mean peak ceftiofur serum concentration (Cmax) was (6.50±0.12 μg/ml) after intramuscular administration of 2.2 mg ceftiofur /kg.bw these values are consistence with those in water buffalo (6.2μg/ml, Nie et al,2015),buffalo calves (6.6μg/ml ,Sudamrao, 2015), calves (7.73 μg/ml, Altan et al,2017), sheep (7.13μg/ml, Craigmill et al,1997) and cows (7.8μg/ml, Tohamy, 2008). This result not resemble the result had been stated in beef calves (8.78μg/ml Halstead et al,1992, cattle (13.9 ,14.5 ,9.58 and 1.09μg/ml, Brown et al,1996;Hornish and Kotarski 2002;Gorden, et al,2015 andWang et al, 2018) respectively. Even though there are many differences throughout the values of maximum ceftiofur serum levels, the literature on β-lactam antibiotics mentions that effectiveness does not correlate with the maximum concentration of plasma or tissue but depends on the length of time at which the drug levels stay above MIC of the susceptible pathogen (Sudamrao, 2015).…”

The Effect of Delivery Method on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Meloxicam in Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves with Diarrhea

“…Previous research has found that diarrheic calves that received meloxicam started eating solid feed sooner, were weaned earlier, and had a higher rate of weight gain relative to calves treated with a placebo [14]. Very little pharmacokinetic research has been conducted in sick animals, yet their physiological state may alter drug metabolism relative to healthy animals [20]. This may not only affect drug action; it could also impact drug residues and meat withdrawal times [21].…”

Impact of disease in dairy cows on ceftiofur pharmacokinetics, withdrawal times and emergence of antimicrobial resistance

“…Furthermore, data examining drug metabolism in sick animals and how this compares with healthy animals are deficient in the veterinary literature. Recently, two research groups have published manuscripts demonstrating altered pharmacokinetics (PK) of FLU (Kissell et al, 2015) and CEF (Gorden et al, 2016) in cows affected with naturally occurring mastitis. In both trials, mastitic cows received both FLU and systemic CEF simultaneously.…”