Altered gut microbiota associated with intestinal disease in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Abstract

Gut microbiota plays a crucial importance in their host. Disturbance of the microbial structure and function is known to be associated with inflammatory intestinal disorders. Enteritis is a significant cause of high mortality in fish species, including grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Study regarding the association between microbial alternations and enteritis in grass carp is still absent. In this study, changes in the gut microbiota of grass carp suffering from enteritis were investigated using NGS-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Six healthy and ten abnormal fish (showing reddening anus, red odiferous fluid accumulating in the abdominal capacity, and flatulence and haemorrhage in the intestine) were collected from a fish farm in Huanggang Fisheries Institute (Hubei, China). Our results revealed that the diversity, structure, and function of gut microbiota were significantly different between diseased and healthy fish (P < 0.05). Particularly, members of the genera Dechloromonas, Methylocaldum, Planctomyces, Rhodobacter, Caulobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas were significantly increased in diseased fish compared with that in healthy fish (P < 0.05). Predicted function indicated that microbiota significantly changed the specific metabolic pathways (related to amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism) in diseased fish (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings point out the association between changes of the gut microbiota and enteritis in grass carp, which provide basic information useful for diagnoses, prevention, and treatment of intestinal diseases occurring in cultured fish.

Rotten-skin disease significantly changed giant spiny frog(Paa spinosa) gut microbiota

“…However, this study found that gut microbiota diversity was significantly higher in diseased P. spinosa . The results were consistent with the results of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) (39). And found that the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune-related pathway genes of diseased grass carp were more abundant through microbiota gene prediction (39).…”

“…The results were consistent with the results of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) (39). And found that the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune-related pathway genes of diseased grass carp were more abundant through microbiota gene prediction (39). The increased microbiota diversity in the gut of the diseased host may because the microbial homeostasis in the gut of the diseased host has not been broken immediately.…”

Gut microbiota in homologous Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) under different habitats

“…Healthy individuals often had intricate and stable gut microbial community and the pathogenic bacteria might disturb the homeostasis and microbial balance which may present as reduction of gut microbial species and richness. Adversely, in several recent studies, more bacteria and higher alpha diversity were observed in diseased intestines compared to healthy ones and the richness of bacteria couldn't utterly indicate the health status [66]. The representative microbes which could re ect the balance of microbial communities and contribute to intestinal health should be concerned, and it might also vary in different species or life stage.…”

Progress and perspectives of short‐chain fatty acids in aquaculture

“…; Tran et al . ), resulted in significant changes in gut microbiota. It is unclear whether the changes of microbiota structure in these studies directly affected the levels of SCFA in the host gut.…”

“…A recent study revealed that gut dysbiosis in Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) mice leads to a reduction in total plasma SCFA levels, where acetate was decreased, with an increase in propionate and butyrate, while valerate and hexanoate were absent in the TSOD mice compared with controls (Nishitsuji et al 2017). In aquatic animals such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), supplementation with soybean-derived protein (Ringø et al 2006;Green et al 2013) as well as in largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) and grass carp, which suffer from infections (Li et al 2016;Tran et al 2018), resulted in significant changes in gut microbiota. It is unclear whether the changes of microbiota structure in these studies directly affected the levels of SCFA in the host gut.…”