Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson’s disease: Pathological highlight to management

Sharma, Shakshi; Awasthi, Anupam; Singh, Shamsher

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134516

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The intestinal microbiota is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). More than 70% of patients with PD suffer from gut dysfunction (Sharma et al, 2019). According to the study conducted by Scheperjans et al (2015), the abundance of Prevotellaceae in feces of patients with PD decreased by 77.6% compared with the control group.…”

Section: The Effects Of Probiotics In Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of probiotics on slowing down the aging process

Şanlibaba

Toprak

Tezel

2022

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is one of the most complex ecosystems in nature that are mainly comprised of bacteria and other microbes like fungi, protozoa, and viruses. More than 1000 bacterial species have been reported in the gut microbiome, of which most of these species belong to Firmicutes (31.1%), Proteobacteria (29.5%), Actinobacteria (25.9%), or Bacteroidetes (7.1%) phylum. A symbiotic relationship, which plays a critical role in host health, exists between intestinal microflora and its host. With aging, the intestinal microbiota profile changes are observed, generally characterized by the decrease in biodiversity, carriage of commensals, and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. The dysbiosis associated with aging in the gut microbiota increases the risk of several diseases. Probiotics are defined as "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" and play crucial functions in improving gut health and disease in all age groups, particularly the elderly induvial. This review focuses on the promising effects of probiotics on slowing down the aging process, treating age-related diseases, and improving the quality of life in light of the current clinical studies.

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Section: The Effects Of Probiotics In Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of probiotics on slowing down the aging process

Şanlibaba

Toprak

Tezel

2022

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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“…The abundances of reads assigned to phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were observed in the gut of Tripneustes gratilla, and those assigned to phyla Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria in Diadema setosum and Stomopneustes variolaris (Yao et al, 2019), and the order Vibrionales was abundant in wild American green sea urchin (Hakim et al, 2016). Compared to the important roles of gut microbiota in various animals, including humans (Sharma et al, 2019;Youngblut et al, 2019;Fong et al, 2020;Fan and Pedersen, 2021;Morais et al, 2021;Tang et al, 2021), knowledge of gut microbes of sea urchin is behind that of other animals. Only the roles of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the gut of sea urchins have been discussed since the 1950s to answer why C/N rich diet provides nutrition to sea urchins (Mann, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Function of Gut Microbiomes of Two Species of Sea Urchins, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, in Japan

Haditomo

Yonezawa

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sea urchin is an indicator of coastal environmental changes in the global warming era, and is also a model organism in developmental biology and evolution. Due to the depletion of wild resources, new aquaculture techniques for improving stocks have been well studied. The gut microbiome shapes various aspects of a host’s physiology. However, these microbiome structures and functions on sea urchins, particularly Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius which are important marine bioresources commonly found in Japan, have not been fully investigated yet. Using metagenomic approaches including meta16S and shotgun metagenome sequencings, the structures, functions, and dynamics of the gut microbiome of M. nudus and S. intermedius, related to both habitat environment and host growth, were studied. Firstly, a broad meta16S analysis revealed that at the family level, Psychromonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae reads (38–71%) dominated in these sea urchins, which is a unique feature observed in species in Japan. Flavobacteriaceae reads were more abundant in individuals after rearing in an aquarium with circulating compared to one with running water. Campylobacteraceae and Vibrionaceae abundances increased in both kinds of laboratory-reared sea urchins in both types of experiments. 2-weeks feeding experiments of M. nudus and S. intermedius transplanted from the farm to laboratory revealed that these gut microbial structures were affected by diet rather than rearing environments and host species. Secondly, further meta16S analysis of microbial reads related to M. nudus growth revealed that at least four Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) affiliated to Saccharicrinis fermentans, which is known to be a nitrogen (N2) fixing bacterium, showed a significant positive correlation to the body weight and test diameter. Interestingly, gut microbiome comparisons using shotgun metagenome sequencing of individuals showing higher and lower growth rates revealed a significant abundance of “Nitrate and nitrite ammonification” genes in the higher-grown individuals under the circulating water rearing. These findings provide new insights on the structure-function relationship of sea urchin gut microbiomes beyond previously reported nitrogen fixation function in sea urchin in 1950s; we discovered a nitrate reduction function into ammonium for the growth promotion of sea urchin.

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“…Hence the hypothesis that α-synuclein may originate in the ENS and go to the brain via retrograde axonal transport through the vagus nerve ( 66 , 67 ). Interestingly, in PD patients, gastrointestinal manifestations start years (decades) before the clinical onset of disease and are associated with increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis ( 68 ). Also corroborating this hypothesis is the observation that intestinal infection with Gram-negative bacteria triggers PD-like symptoms in the Pink-/- mouse model of PD ( 69 ).…”

Section: Neurological Consequences Of a “Leaky” Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Is Its Dysfunction a Pathological Trigger or a Consequence of the Disease?

Parodi

Rosbo

2021

Front. Immunol.

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A large and expending body of evidence indicates that the gut-brain axis likely plays a crucial role in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). As a whole, the gut-brain axis can be considered as a bi-directional multi-crosstalk pathway that governs the interaction between the gut microbiota and the organism. Perturbation in the commensal microbial population, referred to as dysbiosis, is frequently associated with an increased intestinal permeability, or “leaky gut”, which allows the entrance of exogeneous molecules, in particular bacterial products and metabolites, that can disrupt tissue homeostasis and induce inflammation, promoting both local and systemic immune responses. An altered gut microbiota could therefore have significant repercussions not only on immune responses in the gut but also in distal effector immune sites such as the CNS. Indeed, the dysregulation of this bi-directional communication as a consequence of dysbiosis has been implicated as playing a possible role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the gut-brain axis is increasingly being considered as playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis, with a major focus on specific gut microbiota alterations associated with the disease. In both MS and its purported murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), gastrointestinal symptoms and/or an altered gut microbiota have been reported together with increased intestinal permeability. In both EAE and MS, specific components of the microbiota have been shown to modulate both effector and regulatory T-cell responses and therefore disease progression, and EAE experiments with germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice transferred with microbiota associated or not with disease have clearly demonstrated the possible role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis and/or progression. Here, we review the evidence that can point to two possible consequences of the gut-brain axis dysfunction in MS and EAE: 1. A pro-inflammatory intestinal environment and “leaky” gut induced by dysbiosis could lead to an altered communication with the CNS through the cholinergic afferent fibers, thereby contributing to CNS inflammation and disease pathogenesis; and 2. Neuroinflammation affecting efferent cholinergic transmission could result in intestinal inflammation as disease progresses.

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Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson’s disease: Pathological highlight to management

Cited by 34 publications

References 61 publications

The role of probiotics on slowing down the aging process

The role of probiotics on slowing down the aging process

The Structure and Function of Gut Microbiomes of Two Species of Sea Urchins, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, in Japan

The Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Is Its Dysfunction a Pathological Trigger or a Consequence of the Disease?

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