Altered Gene Expression Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Periodontitis‐Affected Gingival Tissue

Abstract

Upregulated MMP expression and an increased MMP/TIMP ratio indicate that a potential imbalance between degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix persists in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. This process may be responsible for increased tissue breakdown in periodontitis.

Effects of nicotine administration in rats on MMP2 and VEGF levels in periodontal membrane

“…In our study, nicotine administration caused a change in fibroblast activity due to the change of collagene fiber synthesis and decreased MMP2 expression. Several MMPs have been identified in the inflamed gingival tissues: MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -13, produced by the keratinocytes, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes [2,3,6,26,27]. Their activity could be different depending on the severity of disease and the needs for extracellular matrix digestion.…”

“…MMP-1 increased activity could explain the change of collagen quality and quantity, since its preferred substrates are the type I and type III collagens. Several other researchers reported an intense MMP-1 collagenolytic activity in fibroblasts and macrophages resident in the periodontal tissue [4,26] and focused on the interrelation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 in order to amplify the proteolysis in chronic periodontitis [4]. addition to increased colagenase activity in the presence of nicotine [38].…”

Growth Factors and Connective Tissue Homeostasis in Periodontal Disease

“…Several MMPs have been identified in the inflamed gingival tissues: MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -13, produced by the keratinocytes, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes Bartold & Narayanan, 2006;Bildt et al, 2008;Kubota et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2006). Their activity could be different depending on the severity of disease and the needs for extracellular matrix digestion.…”

“…al., 2007;Kubota et al, 2008) and focused on the interrelation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 in order to amplify the proteolysis in chronic periodontitis (Beklen et. al., 2007).…”

Analysis of the association of an MMP1 promoter polymorphism and transcript levels with chronic periodontitis and end-stage renal disease in a Brazilian population

“…11 The inflammatory reaction is thought to trigger periodontal tissue destruction as a consequence of an imbalance in the expression of MMPs versus (vs.) TIMPs, which act to regulate extracellular matrix turnover of periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone. 12 The transcriptional levels and activity of MMPs are significantly higher in gingival tissues of individuals with CP than in healthy patients 13 and, as a consequence, destructive periodontal disease occurs in CP individuals. 10 An emerging body of evidence suggests that oral inflammatory diseases, and particularly periodontal infections, may not be limited to the immediate oral environment but can have systemic effects.…”