Altered Expression of GJD2 Messenger RNA and the Coded Protein Connexin 36 in Negative Lens–induced Myopia of Guinea Pigs

Zhu, Qiqi; Yang, Guo‐Yuan; Chen, Bingjie; Liu, Fengyang; Li, Xia; Liu, Longqian

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001611

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…24 However, in the present study, we also found that HD did not affect the amount of Cx36, and this is inconsistent with a recent report that HD caused decreased expression of GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein in guinea pig retina. 25 In the latter study, LIM was induced with −10 D, which could not be completely compensated after 3 weeks' treatment duration (refraction shifted from 3.64 ± 0.83 to −1.54 ± 0.24). It seems possible that the results in Zhu's study were affected by confounding factors; for example, HD of −10 D might be too much for guinea pigs' retina to recognize as defocus, and instead be effectively processed as unfocused blur.…”

Section: Discussion the Role Of Cx36 In Myopia Developmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Recent studies also have found that FD and HD caused decreased expression of GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein in guinea pig retina. 24,25 In addition, eyelid suture for 40 days was found to increase the level of Cx36 phosphorylation in the mouse retina, 26 indicating that FD increased cell-cell coupling in the retina. Cx57/Cx50 forms GJs exclusively among retinal horizontal cells (HCs) in mice.…”

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confidence: 96%

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The Role of Retinal Connexins Cx36 and Horizontal Cell Coupling in Emmetropization in Guinea Pigs

Zhi

Xiang

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether retinal gap junctions (GJs) via connexin 36 (Cx36, mediating coupling of many retinal cell types) and horizontal cell (HC-HC) coupling, are involved in emmetropization. METHODS.Guinea pigs (3 weeks old) were monocularly form deprived (FD) or raised without FD (in normal visual [NV] environment) for 2 days or 4 weeks; alternatively, they wore a −4 D lens (hyperopic defocus [HD]) or 0 D lens for 2 days or 1 week. FD and NV eyes received daily subconjunctival injections of a nonspecific GJ-uncoupling agent, 18-β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid (18-β-GA). The amounts of total Cx36 and of phosphorylated Cx36 (P-Cx36; activated state that increases cell-cell coupling), in the inner and outer plexiform layers (IPLs and OPLs), were evaluated by quantitative immunofluorescence (IF), and HC-HC coupling was evaluated by cut-loading with neurobiotin.RESULTS. FD per se (excluding effect of light-attenuation) increased HC-HC coupling in OPL, whereas HD did not affect it. HD for 2 days or 1 week had no significant effect on retinal content of Cx36 or P-Cx36. FD for 4 weeks decreased the total amounts of Cx36 and P-Cx36, and the P-Cx36/Cx36 ratio, in the IPL. Subconjunctival 18-β-GA induced myopia in NV eyes and increased the myopic shifts in FD eyes, while reducing the amounts of Cx36 and P-Cx36 in both the IPL and OPL. CONCLUSIONS.These results suggest that cell-cell coupling via GJs containing Cx36 (particularly those in the IPL) plays a role in emmetropization and form deprivation myopia (FDM) in mammals. Although both FD and 18-β-GA induced myopia, they had opposite effects on HC-HC coupling. These findings suggest that HC-HC coupling in the OPL might not play a significant role in emmetropization and myopia development.

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Section: Discussion the Role Of Cx36 In Myopia Developmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Role of Retinal Connexins Cx36 and Horizontal Cell Coupling in Emmetropization in Guinea Pigs

Zhi

Xiang

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Genetic and environmental factors are closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. It can be recognized from animal and human experiments that changes in the gene and protein may occur after the onset of myopia and they may be involved in the regulation of eye growth [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Abnormal Visual Developments

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Vision Correction and Eye Surgery

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When human beings recognize the external world, more than 80% of the information come from visual function and visual system. Normal visual development and normal binocularity are the fundamental of good visual acuity and visual functions. Any abnormal visual experience would cause abnormality, such as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia and other diseases. The patients with abnormal visual developments were reported to have abnormal, lonely, and other psycho problems. In this chapter, we will describe the normal developmental of visual function, summarize the abnormal developments and the correction or treatment.

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Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms

Yang

Ouyang

Fang

et al. 2022

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Altered Expression of GJD2 Messenger RNA and the Coded Protein Connexin 36 in Negative Lens–induced Myopia of Guinea Pigs

Abstract: Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

The Role of Retinal Connexins Cx36 and Horizontal Cell Coupling in Emmetropization in Guinea Pigs

The Role of Retinal Connexins Cx36 and Horizontal Cell Coupling in Emmetropization in Guinea Pigs

Management of Abnormal Visual Developments

Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms

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