Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms

Yang, Jing; Ouyang, Xinli; Fang, Hong; Hou, Xinyu; Liu, Yan; Xie, Yongfang; Yu, Haiqun; Wang, Guohui

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112472

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…(1) TGF-β signalling: EEF1A2 interacts with HSP90AB1 to promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by enhancing TGF-β/SMAD signalling [39]. In myopia, the TGF-β superfamily is mainly involved in regulating scleral remodelling, and it is an important regulator in this process [40]. When building guinea pig [41] and tree shrew [42] myopia model, researchers found that the protein expression level of TGF-β was reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of Myopic Defocus or Atropine for Myopia Control: Different or Similar Ways?

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Res

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Introduction: Myopia is usually caused by excessive elongation of the eye during development. This condition is common worldwide. In clinical practice, the progression of myopia is commonly controlled through optical or drug measures, but the specific mechanisms underlying these two treatments remain unclear. To verify whether the effects of these two treatments on posterior-pole tissues are similar or different, we studied a set of common transcriptional changes in chicken models. Methods: Chicks were divided into four groups, and they were given the intervention measures of plus-lens induction, minus-lens induction, minus-lens induction with atropine injection, and minus-lens induction with saline injection. Then, the genetic changes in each tissue at the posterior pole were detected, and the results of different genes were compared. A semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to further study the visually induced changes in the transcription of potential candidate genes. Results: Based on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the transcriptome, we identified variations between the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in three tissues from the two treatment groups. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, eukaryotic protein translation elongation factor 1α2 (EEF1A2) was enriched in the ‘leishmaniasis’ pathway in the choroid and showed increased expression in both the plus-lens induction and injection atropine groups. The expression levels of selected genes verified by qPCR were concordant with the RNA-seq data. Conclusions: Overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs of only one-tenth could suggest a different mechanism of myopic defocus and intravitreal injection of atropine controlling myopia. EEF1A2 might play an important role in the choroid during the treatment of myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By co-immunoprecipitation, EEF1A2 was identified as a novel specific binding partner of the M4 receptor subtype [47]. In myopia, it is well-known that acetylcholine signalling regulates the development of myopia through its different receptors, and it is called a "mediator of myopia-related pathways" [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Myopic Defocus or Atropine for Myopia Control: Different or Similar Ways?

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Several lines of evidence indicate that phototransduction and specific groups of signaling molecules and pathways, including dopamine, retinoic acid, and adenosine, regulate emmetropization. [91][92][93][94][95] The association between dopamine and emmetropization is interesting as altered dopamine signaling and metabolism have been implicated in albinism, [96,97] and fovea development is often impaired in individuals with this condition. [98,99] Consistent with these observations, evidence obtained from animal studies that examined the relationship between dopamine and eye growth indicate that a decrease in retinal dopamine leads to increased axial eye growth.…”

Section: Is Fovea Formation a Byproduct Of Localized Emmetropization?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in ocular shape during human development and its implications for retina fovea formation

Rasys,

Wegerski,

Trainor

et al. 2023

BioEssays

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The human fovea is known for its distinctive pit‐like appearance, which results from the displacement of retinal layers superficial to the photoreceptors cells. The photoreceptors are found at high density within the foveal region but not the surrounding retina. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these unique features have ruled out cell death as an explanation for pit formation and changes in cell proliferation as the cause of increased photoreceptor density. These findings have led to speculation that mechanical forces acting within and on the retina during development underly the formation of foveal architecture. Here we review eye morphogenesis and retinal remodeling in human embryonic development. Our meta‐analysis of the literature suggests that fovea formation is a protracted process involving dynamic changes in ocular shape that start early and continue throughout most of human embryonic development. From these observations, we propose a new model for fovea development.

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“…A number of myopia-promoting visual signal pathways traverse the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and vascular choroid and have an impact on sclera remodeling processes, increasing axial length and promoting myopia [7][8] . Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in development of the eye and in the growth of the eyeball.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal thickness, myopia, and myopia control interventions in children: a Meta-analysis and systemic review

Meng¹,

Liang²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To investigate changes of choroidal thickness (ChT) in children with myopia and the effect of current myopia control interventions on ChT. METHODS: Major literature databases were searched for studies relevant to myopia in children. All studies used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) or enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) to measure the ChT value. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to evaluate ChT in myopia children. RESULTS: A total of 11 eligible articles, including 1693 myopic and 1132 non-myopic eyes, were included in the first Meta-analysis. The sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT; WMD=-40.06, 95%CI, -59.36 to -20.75, P<0.001) and ChT at other sectors were significantly thinner in myopic eyes compared with the non-myopic eyes. The Meta-analysis revealed that the ChT decreased horizontally from the temporal sector toward the nasal sector in the pediatric myopia population. Another 11 studies reporting the effect of myopia control interventions were included in the second Meta-analysis for the relationship between myopia control treatments and ChT. SFCT significantly increased after orthokeratology (OK) treatment and OK combined with 0.01% atropine (OKA) treatment (WMD=19.47, 95%CI, 15.96 to 22.98, P<0.001; WMD=21.81, 95%CI, 12.92 to 29.70, P<0.001, respectively). The forest plots showed that SFCT changed little in myopic children receiving 0.01% atropine (P=0.30). Furthermore, the Meta-analysis showed that OK treatment had a stronger effect on the value of SFCT in myopic children as compared with 0.01% atropine (WMD=9.86; 95%CI, -0.21 to 19.93, P=0.05). There is no difference between the treatment with OK and OKA treatment in ChT in myopic children (P=0.37). CONCLUSION: The ChT in myopic eyes is thinner than that in non-myopic eyes in pediatric population. Myopia control interventions including OK and OKA lead to ChT thickening, but other treatments such as 0.01% atropine did not show an increase in ChT.

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Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms

Cited by 28 publications

References 151 publications

Mechanism of Myopic Defocus or Atropine for Myopia Control: Different or Similar Ways?

Mechanism of Myopic Defocus or Atropine for Myopia Control: Different or Similar Ways?

Dynamic changes in ocular shape during human development and its implications for retina fovea formation

Choroidal thickness, myopia, and myopia control interventions in children: a Meta-analysis and systemic review

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