Altered Contextual Modulation of Primary Visual Cortex Responses in Schizophrenia

Seymour, Kiley; Stein, Timo; Sanders, Lia Lira Olivier; Guggenmos, Matthias; Theophil, Ines; Sterzer, Philipp

doi:10.1038/npp.2013.168

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The dominant stimulation paradigm has been a simple one, wherein foreground pattern stimuli are fully embedded in a more extended surround of comparable properties (e.g., Cavanaugh et al 2002aCavanaugh et al , 2002bPetrov et al 2005; Zenger-Landolt and Heeger 2003), but such a paradigm has not yet been applied in human neurophysiology, despite obvious clinical potential in light of recent psychophysics (e.g., Dakin et al 2005) and neuroimaging (e.g., Seymour et al 2013) work. In the present study, we measured steady-state responses (SSVEPs) to flickering foreground stimuli embedded in static surrounds in human subjects, and found dramatic suppression effects, which depended on surround orientation and retinal location, as well as stimulation parameters such as frequency and temporal phase-offsets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such contextual interactions have always been a pervasive topic in vision science, but more recently have also become a focus of increasing interest in clinical research, for example on schizophrenia (Dakin et al 2005;Seymour et al 2013), migraine (Battista et al 2011), depression (Golomb et al 2009) and autism (Foss-Feig et al 2013). One particularly widely observed contextual effect is that of surround suppression, where responses to stimuli placed within a neuron's classical receptive field are inhibited by stimuli placed beyond it (Blakemore and Tobin 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans

Vanegas

Blangero

Kelly

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Vanegas MI, Blangero A, Kelly SP. Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans. J Neurophysiol 113: 1100-1109, 2015. First published November 19, 2014 doi:10.1152/jn.00774.2014.-Surround suppression is a well-known example of contextual interaction in visual cortical neurophysiology, whereby the neural response to a stimulus presented within a neuron's classical receptive field is suppressed by surrounding stimuli. Human psychophysical reports present an obvious analog to the effects seen at the single-neuron level: stimuli are perceived as lower-contrast when embedded in a surround. Here we report on a visual paradigm that provides relatively direct, straightforward indices of surround suppression in human electrophysiology, enabling us to reproduce several well-known neurophysiological and psychophysical effects, and to conduct new analyses of temporal trends and retinal location effects. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) elicited by flickering "foreground" stimuli were measured in the context of various static surround patterns. Early visual cortex geometry and retinotopic organization were exploited to enhance SSVEP amplitude. The foreground response was strongly suppressed as a monotonic function of surround contrast. Furthermore, suppression was stronger for surrounds of matching orientation than orthogonally-oriented ones, and stronger at peripheral than foveal locations. These patterns were reproduced in psychophysical reports of perceived contrast, and peripheral electrophysiological suppression effects correlated with psychophysical effects across subjects. Temporal analysis of SSVEP amplitude revealed short-term contrast adaptation effects that caused the foreground signal to either fall or grow over time, depending on the relative contrast of the surround, consistent with stronger adaptation of the suppressive drive. This electrophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans

Vanegas

Blangero

Kelly

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The pattern of results indicates that the tilt illusion involves a contribution from orientation processing mechanisms whose activity is not consciously perceived. A recent fMRI study (Seymour et al, 2013) has demonstrated abnormally weak orientation-specific contextual modulation in primary visual cortex of schizophrenic patients. Thus, extrapolating from the findings of Song et al (2013) with normal subjects, one might expect patients with schizophrenia to show correspondingly weak tilt illusions.…”

Section: Does the Tilt Illusion Require Awareness Of The Surround Orimentioning

confidence: 99%

The tilt illusion: Phenomenology and functional implications

Clifford

2014

Vision Research

122

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The perceived orientation of a line or grating is affected by the orientation structure of the surrounding image: the tilt illusion. Here, I offer a selective review of the literature on the tilt illusion, focusing on functional aspects. The review explores the merits of mechanistic accounts of the tilt illusion based upon sensory gain control in which neuronal responses are normalized by the pooled activity of other units. The role of inhibition between orientation-selective neurons is discussed, and it is argued that their associated disinhibition must also be taken into account in order to model the full angular dependence of the tilt illusion on surround orientation. Parallels are drawn with adaptation as modulation by the temporal rather than spatial context within which an image fragment is processed. The chromatic selectivity of the tilt illusion and the extent of its dependence on the visibility of the surround are used to infer characteristics of the neuronal normalization pools and the loci in the cortical processing hierarchy at which gain control operates. Finally, recent evidence is discussed as to the possible clinical relevance of the tilt illusion as a biomarker for schizophrenia.

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“…In SCZ, orientation-specific context modulation during visual perception was reduced, suggesting inhibitory mechanism failure((123) (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Functional Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Cross-Diagnostic Convergence: Neural Mechanisms Governing Excitation and Inhibition Balance in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Foss‐Feig

Adkinson

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry

221

180

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Recent theoretical accounts have proposed excitation (E) and inhibition (I) imbalance as a possible mechanistic, network-level hypothesis underlying neural and behavioral dysfunction across neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). These two disorders share some overlap in their clinical presentation as well as convergence in their underlying genes and neurobiology. However, there are also clear points of dissociation in terms of phenotypes and putatively affected neural circuitry. Here we highlight emerging work from the clinical neuroscience literature examining neural correlates of E/I imbalance across children and adults with ASD and adults with both chronic and early-course SCZ. We discuss findings from diverse neuroimaging studies across distinct modalities, conducted with EEG, MEG, 1H-MRS, and fMRI, including effects observed both during task and at rest. Throughout this review we discuss points of convergence and divergence in the ASD and SCZ literature, with a focus on disruptions in neural E/I balance. We also consider these findings in relation to predictions generated by theoretical neuroscience, particularly computational models predicting E/I imbalance across disorders. Finally, we discuss how human non-invasive neuroimaging can benefit from pharmacological challenge studies to reveal mechanisms in ASD and SCZ. Collectively, we attempt to shed light on shared and divergent neuroimaging effects across disorders with the goal of informing future research examining the mechanisms underlying the E/I imbalance hypothesis across neurodevelopmental disorders. We posit that such translational efforts are vital to facilitate development of neurobiologically informed treatment strategies across neuropsychiatric conditions.

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Altered Contextual Modulation of Primary Visual Cortex Responses in Schizophrenia

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans

Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans

The tilt illusion: Phenomenology and functional implications

Searching for Cross-Diagnostic Convergence: Neural Mechanisms Governing Excitation and Inhibition Balance in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders

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