Alterations in blood volume following short-term supramaximal exercise

Green, H. J.; Thomson, James A.; Ball, M. E.; Hughson, R. L.; Houston, M. E.; Sharratt, M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1984.56.1.145

Cited by 74 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…These large functional changes appeared to be directly related to change in the filling dynamics of the left ventricle and may not have been observed in a normal population. Additionally, the magnitude of the changes in ýOµ,max were, in fact, similar to those reported for healthy younger subjects with similar short-term training protocols of 1 or 2 weeks (Green et al 1984(Green et al , 1991Convertino, 1991). Green et al (1991) reported a 250 ml min¢ (±110 ml min¢) increase in ýOµ,max in healthy men aged 19-30 years after 10-12 consecutive days of exercise at 59% of pre-training peak ýOµ,max for 2 h day¢.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Petrella¹,

Cunningham²,

Paterson³

2000

Experimental Physiology

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We investigated anaerobic threshold (< èL) gas exchange kinetics and maximal oxygen uptake (ýOµ,max) among older men with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic filling (LVDF). Ten men (mean age, 73 years) with LVDF impairment and low fitness, but without other cardiovascular dysfunction were studied. Treatments compared to control included: 5 days, high intensity exercise training protocol; 5 days, calcium channel blockade (240 mg verapamil); 21 days, detrainingÏwashout; and 5 days, combined treatments. Results indicated no changes in resting left ventricular systolic function with any treatment. Significant resting diastolic function changes included increased early:late flow velocity (control, 0.87; training, 1.28; verapamil, 1.32), and a decreased isovolumic relaxation time (control, 0.10 s; training, 0.08 s; verapamil, 0.08 s). The combined treatments were not additive. Sub-threshold oxygen uptake kinetics (ôVOµ, s) were significantly faster following either training or verapamil (ôVOµ,control, 62 ± 12; ôVOµ,training, 44 ± 9; ôVOµ,verapamil, 48 ± 10) and combined treatments (ôVOµ, 41 ± 8). ýOµ,max (ml kg¢ min¢) was significantly increased (control, 21.8 ± 2.2; training, 27.3 ± 2.2; verapamil, 25.2 ± 3.4; combined treatments, 26.9 ± 2.3). Increasing ventricular preload with either exercise training or calcium channel blockade was coincident with faster ôVOµ and increased ýOµ,max.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Haematocrit was corrected (Green et al 1984) and haemoglobin was determined by the Coulter counter method (Coulter STKR). The %ÄPV before (pre) compared to after training (post) was calculated using the equation of Van Beaumont et al (Van Beaumont, 1972) where: %ÄPV = 100Ï[(100 − Hctpre) − 100(Hctpre − Hctpost)]ÏHctpre.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Petrella¹,

Cunningham²,

Paterson³

2000

Experimental Physiology

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“…These cardiac changes did not correlate with the changes in V O 2 peak after the 2 wk of training in the sedentary subjects. Rather, the adaptations of the RV volumes and the RVEF may be a response to an increased blood plasma volume, which has been shown to occur rapidly when starting exercise training (13). However, the findings of the present study mirrored those observed in the large CMR study, where RV volumes of endurance athletes were increased and RVEF was decreased compared with nonathletes (31).…”

Section: Rvffausupporting

confidence: 53%

Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men

Heiskanen

Leskinen

Heinonen

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Heiskanen MA, Leskinen T, Heinonen IH, Löyttyniemi E, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen K, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 311: H667-H675, 2016. First published July 22, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2016Despite the recent studies on structural and functional adaptations of the right ventricle (RV) to exercise training, adaptations of its metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of short-term, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on RV glucose and fat metabolism. Twenty-eight untrained, healthy 40 -55 yr-old-men were randomized into HIIT (n ϭ 14) and MICT (n ϭ 14) groups. Subjects performed six supervised cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 wk (HIIT session: 4 -6 ϫ 30 s all-out cycling/4-min recovery; MICT session: 40 -60 min at 60% peak O 2 uptake). Primary outcomes were insulin-stimulated RV glucose uptake (RVGU) and fasted state RV free fatty acid uptake (RVFFAU) measured by positron emission tomography. Secondary outcomes were changes in RV structure and function, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance. RVGU decreased after training (Ϫ22% HIIT, Ϫ12% MICT, P ϭ 0.002 for training effect), but RVFFAU was not affected by the training (P ϭ 0.74). RV end-diastolic and endsystolic volumes, respectively, increased ϩ5 and ϩ7% for HIIT and ϩ4 and ϩ8% for MICT (P ϭ 0.002 and 0.005 for training effects, respectively), but ejection fraction mildly decreased (Ϫ2% HIIT, Ϫ4% MICT, P ϭ 0.034 for training effect). RV mass and stroke volume remained unaltered. None of the observed changes differed between the training groups (P Ͼ 0.12 for group ϫ training interaction). Only 2 wk of physical training in previously sedentary subjects induce changes in RV glucose metabolism, volumes, and ejection fraction, which precede exercise-induced hypertrophy of RV.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean. com/e/right-ventricular-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise-training/. EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPERTROPHY of the left ventricle (LV), socalled athlete's heart, is generally associated with excellent health outcomes. Right ventricle (RV) has remained less studied, and for a long time it was considered merely as "a passive conduit" (8,14,42). Recently, RV adaptations to exercise training have gained increased research interest. While previous studies concerning the effects of training on the RV have reported balanced hypertrophy with the LV (21, 35-37), other studies have reported RV dysfunction following intense endurance exercise (3,9,10,25,26,40). A recent meta-analysis further confirmed that prolonged intense exercise leads to reduction of RV function, while LV function remains unaffected (6), underlining the need for further studies specifically on RV adaptations.As an alternative for traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (H...

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“…THb may be expected to decrease with HA exercise in NRs because of increased erythrocyte turnover resulting from daily exercise to which they were not accustomed (32). The reduction in THb in WIN and increase in summer is more difficult to explain; differences in diet and nutrition may be involved (35), or perhaps the HA exercises in WIN were more stressful than in SUM when superimposed on a background of relative inactivity for both R and NRs (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma volume after heat acclimation: Variations due to season, fitness and methods of measurement

Ja¹

2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Purpose: The reported magnitude of plasma volume increase (∆%PV) following heat acclimation (HA) varies widely. Variations may result from differences in measurement techniques, season and subjects' fitness. This report compares direct and indirect measurements of ∆%PV after 10 days of HA from studies in winter (WIN, n = 8) and summer (SUM, n = 10) in men, age 21-43 yr, at two fitness levels (VO 2 max: 35 and 51 ml/min/kg). Direct measurements were made before and after HA (cycling at 30% of VO 2 max at 50 °C, for 100 min/day) by carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing and compared with indirect estimates from changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma protein concentration. Results: Overall, ∆%PV by CO was small (2.9%) and greater in SUM than WIN (5.0 vs. 0.3%). Red cell, blood and plasma volumes/kg lean body mass increased in SUM and decreased in WIN, the difference being significant, and ∆%PV by CO was similar for high and low VO 2 max. Conclusion: Overall, indirect estimates of ∆%PV by hemoglobin and hematocrit were similar to CO, but tended to differentiate by fitness and not season. The difference in THb increase in SUM and decrease in WIN was significant. This probably accounts for the differences from the seasonal and fitness results by the direct CO method.

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Alterations in blood volume following short-term supramaximal exercise

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men

Plasma volume after heat acclimation: Variations due to season, fitness and methods of measurement

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