Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Petrella, Robert J.; Cunningham, David A.; Paterson, Donald H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.02026.x

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…A correlation of 0.87 and 0.91 was observed, respectively. This is similar to previous reports in our laboratory (27,33). Subjects in both groups were stratified further into three groups defined on the basis of age, sex, and achieved METs as previously described (12).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Fitnesssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Individual morbid conditions were combined into the Charlson Comorbidity Index score (32), a prospectively validated weighted index that includes the number and severity of comorbidities. Those in the sedentary group also had simultaneous collection of respired gases during exercise treadmill testing to determine VO 2max (33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sedentary group, oxygen consumption was measured during treadmill exercise using a bidirectional turbine and volume transducer (SensorMedics VMM-2A). VO 2max was determined as previously described (33). Predicted VO 2max was compared with measured VO 2max in the sedentary group at baseline and followup.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Adoption of Regular Exercise Later in Life Prevent Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -To determine the impact of chronic exercise training initiated later in life upon development of metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Two inception cohorts of previously sedentary healthy adults aged 55-75 years at baseline (1989), one initiating regular supervised physical exercise training and the other a geographical similar sedentary control, were assessed for anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical markers of the metabolic syndrome and comorbidity over 10 years.RESULTS -At baseline, active individuals aged 68 years compared with sedentary individuals aged 67 years had similar fitness levels (5.7 vs. 5.8 metabolic equivalents). At follow-up, complete data were obtained for 161 active and 136 sedentary subjects. Drop out occurred primarily because of failure to adhere to the exercise regimen and poor physical health for active and sedentary individuals, respectively. More metabolic abnormalities were seen in the sedentary group than in the active group for one or two (64 vs. 36%, P Ͻ 0.001) and three or more (35 vs. 22%, P Ͻ 0.003) abnormalities, respectively. In those assessed at follow-up, the sedentary group compared with the active group had lower fitness levels (5.0 [13.8% decrease] vs. 5.9 [3.5% increase] metabolic equivalents), had a greater likelihood of a positive exercise electrocardiogram or symptom (32 vs. 10%, P Ͻ 0.001), and had more comorbid conditions (Charlson Comorbidity Index score 0.9 vs. 0.4, P Ͻ 0.01).CONCLUSIONS -Higher fitness achieved over 10 years of regular exercise training in older adults was associated with reduced development of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, fewer exercise-induced cardiac abnormalities, and reduced comorbidity. Diabetes Care 28:694 -701, 2005D espite an overall reduction in cardiovascular mortality over the past decade, an aging population has seen a shift in risk for cardiovascular disease to the older adult (1). However, few longitudinal studies of predictors and modifiers of this risk in the older population are available. This gap in evidence is critical as an aging population becomes increasingly sedentary, whereas the importance of physical activity as a modifier of cardiovascular risk remains unequivocal (2-6).Coincident with an older more sedentary population at risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (7-9) is an increased prevalence of the clustering of metabolic risk factors (10 -13). The importance of metabolic risk factors from both a clinical and public health perspective is that their prevention, detection, and reversal can occur before the development of overt cardiovascular disease (14). Coupled with particularly poor treatment and control rates for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (15), prevention and screening strategies early in the cardiovascular disease continuum are essential.Recent evidence from both the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (16) and the U.S. Diabetes Prevention Program (17) showed that even modest lif...

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Section: Cardiovascular Fitnesssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Adoption of Regular Exercise Later in Life Prevent Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?

et al. 2005

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“…Ca 2ϩ channel blockade, which reduces systolic contractility by decreasing intracellular Ca 2ϩ , reduces IVRT and improves early diastolic filling in older men (27). Thus the increased SЈ in the trained older men might be expected to reduce early diastolic relaxation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic function of young and older trained and untrained men

Baldi¹,

McFarlane²,

Oxenham³

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic function of young and older trained and untrained men. J Appl Physiol 95: 2570-2575. First published July 25, 2003 10.1152/japplphysiol.00441.2003.-Aging is associated with impaired early diastolic filling; however, the effect of endurance training on resting diastolic function in older subjects is unclear. Heart rate and ventricular loading conditions affect mitral inflow velocities measured by Doppler echocardiography; therefore, tissue Doppler imaging of mitral annular velocity, which is relatively preload independent, was combined with mitral inflow velocity and maximal oxygen consumption (V O2 max) in young (20-35 yr) and older (60-80 yr) trained and untrained men to determine whether endurance training is associated with an attenuation of age-associated changes in diastolic filling. As expected, V O2 max was higher in trained men (P Ͻ 0.01) and lower in older men (P Ͻ 0.01). Peak early mitral inflow velocity (E) and early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratios were lower in older vs. young men (P Ͻ 0.01); however, there was no training effect (P Ͼ 0.05). Peak early mitral annular velocity (EЈ) was higher and peak late mitral annular velocity (AЈ) was lower in young vs. older men (P Ͻ 0.01). A significant interaction effect was found for AЈ, EЈ/AЈ, and peak systolic mitral annular velocity (SЈ). Training was associated with lower AЈ in young and higher AЈ in older men. SЈ was greater in trained vs. untrained older men (P Ͻ 0.05), but it was similar in trained and untrained young men. These findings suggest that early diastolic filling is not affected by training in older men, and the effect of training on AЈ and SЈ is different in young and older men. diastolic function; aging; endurance training; maximal aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen consumption), tissue Doppler imaging AGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN increase in left ventricular stiffness (7), which results in a prolongation of isovolumic relaxation time (9) and incomplete relaxation of the ventricle during early diastolic filling (25). Numerous investigations have shown that peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) is reduced in aged individuals (2,10,17,18,34). To maintain ventricular filling and stroke volume, peak late diastolic filling velocity (A) increases with age (2, 17), resulting in an age-associated decline in the early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A) ratio (17).Aerobic fitness is associated with improved early diastolic function in young healthy subjects. Young trained athletes have increased E (20) and E/A (8, 11, 22, 26) compared with their nontrained counterparts. However, evidence to suggest that training has a similar effect in older athletes, or that training attenuates the normal age-associated decrease in E/A is inconclusive (8,10,28,31). Endurance training has been shown to improve peak filling rate in older healthy men (19), and the E/A has been shown to be higher in highly trained older endurance athletes compared with agematched healthy controls (8). However, Fleg et...

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“…Thus, our results that suggest a strong link between ýOµ,max and FFM may be fortuitous and indirectly the result of changes in blood volume with age. However, in a study of exercise training in the elderly we demonstrated an increase in ýOµ,max that appeared to be due to factors other than the coincident increase in blood volume (Petrella et al 2000). The importance of central cardiovascular limitations might be critical to the ýOµ,max (Rowell, 1993) during younger ages, while muscle oxidative capacity in older less active subjects might be critical (Wagner et al 2000).…”

Section: ----------------------------mentioning

confidence: 91%

Modelling the influence of fat-free mass and physical activity on the decline in maximal oxygen uptake with age in older humans

Amara¹,

Koval²,

Johnson³

et al. 2000

Exp. Physiol.

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Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Cardiovascular Functional Capacity in Older Men

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Can Adoption of Regular Exercise Later in Life Prevent Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?

Can Adoption of Regular Exercise Later in Life Prevent Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?

Left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic function of young and older trained and untrained men

Modelling the influence of fat-free mass and physical activity on the decline in maximal oxygen uptake with age in older humans

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