Alteration of the Morphology and Neurochemistry of the Developing Mammalian Nervous System by Hydrogen Sulphide

Roth, Sheldon H.; Skrajny, B.; Reiffenstein, R. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02024.x

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In rat hippocampal slices, H 2 S production from CBS is regulated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin and is enhanced by L-glutamate, NMDA and AMPA and inhibited by AP-5 and CNQX, suggesting the involvement of at least two classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors in H 2 S production (Eto et al 2002a). Levels of H 2 S decreased by 55% in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients but no change in brain L-cysteine levels or CBS activity occurs (Eto and Kimura 2002) and chronic exposure to H 2 S impairs fetal neuronal development and monoamine neurochemistry in rats (Roth et al 1995). Thus, H 2 S may have functional involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Moore et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite ‘scavenger’?

Whiteman¹,

Armstrong²,

Chu³

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurochemistry

554

387

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Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a well-known cytotoxic gas. Recently it has been shown to stimulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to enhance long-term potentiation suggesting a novel neuromodulatory role in vivo. Endogenous levels of H 2 S in the brain are reported to range between 10 and 160 lM. Considerably lower H 2 S levels are reported in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, where levels of brain protein nitration (probably mediated by peroxynitrite) are markedly increased. Activation of NMDA receptors leads to intracellular tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite. Because H 2 S and peroxynitrite are important mediators in brain function and disease, we investigated the effects of the H 2 S 'donor', sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaSH) on peroxynitritemediated damage to biomolecules and to cultured human SH-SY5Y cells. H 2 S significantly inhibited peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration and inactivation of a 1 -antiproteinase to a similar extent to reduced glutathione at each concentration tested (30-250 lM). H 2 S also inhibited peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity, intracellular protein nitration and protein oxidation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These data suggest that H 2 S has the potential to act as an inhibitor of peroxynitrite-mediated processes in vivo and that the potential antioxidant action of H 2 S deserves further study, given that extracellular GSH levels in the brain are very low.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite ‘scavenger’?

Whiteman¹,

Armstrong²,

Chu³

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurochemistry

554

387

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“…Tanneries are constantly concerned about the obnoxious odor and pollution caused by the extremely toxic sodium sulfide used in the dehairing process step (24). Deaths due to this toxic chemical process have even been reported (2,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Keratinase from Bacillus subtilis S14 Exhibiting Remarkable Dehairing Capabilities

Macêdo¹,

Beys‐da‐Silva²,

Gava³

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

127

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We report the isolation of a keratinolytic-producing Bacillus subtilis strain and the characterization of the exceptional dehairing properties of its subtilisin-like keratinase. This enzyme can be an alternative to sodium sulfide, the major pollutant from tanneries, and may completely replace it. Its unique nonactivity upon collagen enhances its industrial potential.Enzymatic dehairing in tanneries has been envisaged as an alternative to sulfides (4,6,9,22,23). Tanneries are constantly concerned about the obnoxious odor and pollution caused by the extremely toxic sodium sulfide used in the dehairing process step (24). Deaths due to this toxic chemical process have even been reported (2,8). Worldwide, it is estimated that 315 million bovine leathers are produced per year. Considering a waste treatment cost of $0.30 per m 2 of leather produced (A. Klein, personal communication), more than $1 million is spent per day to treat the waste from tanneries around the world. We report here a novel keratinase from Bacillus subtilis that has the potential to replace sodium sulfide in the dehairing process.Microorganism isolation. Bovine hair, skins wastes, and soil samples were suspended and cultivated in a feather-broth medium (composition in grams per liter: delipidated feather meal [the sole carbon and nitrogen source], 10.0; NaCl, 0.5; K 2 HPO 4 , 0.3; and KH 2 PO 4 , 0.4 [pH 7.5]).The best keratinase-producing organism was identified as a B. subtilis strain (named strain S14) after classification based on homology (99%) of its 16S fragment with sequences from the NCBI databank by use of BLASTN 2.2.6 (1) (accession number AY345856).Keratinase production. The microorganism was cultivated in a 14-liter bioreactor in a culture medium composed of whey milk (a dairy byproduct containing 94.0% water, 5% lactose, 0.9% protein, and 0.1% fat), pH 8.5, and bovine hair (40 g/liter). A crude extract (supernatant) was obtained after centrifugation of the culture. Keratinolytic, subtilisin, and collagenase activities were assayed by using azokeratin, as described elsewhere (15). One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme that increases absorbance by 0.1 per hour in the conditions described above (15).Dehairing assay. A fresh fleshed bovine hide was washed with a commercial detergent solution and cut into 15-by 5-cm pieces. Two hundred grams of skin (usually two pieces) was processed in a drum flask at 4 rpm with crude extract or water (control) in a proportion of 1.0 ml of liquid per g of skin. When necessary, pH was adjusted with lime. At the end of the process, the skin pieces were gently scraped with fingers to remove loose hairs. This procedure was necessary because rubbing in this laboratory-scale process was not as vigorous as in industrial drums. Total skin depilation was observed in the pH range from 7 to 10, with 4.8 U/g of skin. A complete depilation was reached in 9 h at pH 9.0, 24°C, with 4.8 U/g of skin.Samples of bovine skin were kept in contact with the crude extract, and the skin fragments were fi...

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“…According to United States Environmental Protection Agency, the maximum acceptable level of hydrogen sulfide for fish and other aquatic life is 2 lg/L. Environmental protection regulations insist that industries should not discharge sulfide-containing waste effluents into the surrounding waterways [3]. Physico-chemical processes, e. g., air stripping, chemical precipitation and oxidation, have been extensively used for the abatement of sulfide [66].…”

Section: Abatement Of Sulfide-containing Waste Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur-containing compounds are also generated as one of the waste chemicals of a number of industries, including petrochemical refineries, liquefied petroleum gas plants, tanneries, textile factories, pulp and paper mills, and sewage treatment plants [2]. These compounds, especially sulfide, are toxic and a threat to public and environmental health [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds

Mohapatra¹,

Gould

Dinardo

et al. 2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized mostly to sulfate by microorganisms belonging to the bacteria and archaea domains. These microorganisms produce different types of enzymes, e. g., oxidoreductases and hydrolases for the metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds. These versatile biocatalysts have potential biotechnological applications in different fields including biohydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious heavy metals and also for bioremediation of sulfides in industrial waste effluents. Appropriate knowledge on the enzymatic pathways of inorganic sulfur compounds oxidation will help to tailor the catalytic properties of these microorganisms so that they are optimal not only for a given reaction but also in the context of harsh industrial processes. This review describes the distribution of inorganic sulfur compound-oxidizing microorganisms, various enzymatic systems associated with sulfur metabolism, and identification of the gene(s) responsible for catalysis of different enzymatic reactions.

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Alteration of the Morphology and Neurochemistry of the Developing Mammalian Nervous System by Hydrogen Sulphide

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite ‘scavenger’?

The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite ‘scavenger’?

Novel Keratinase from Bacillus subtilis S14 Exhibiting Remarkable Dehairing Capabilities

An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds

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