Alteration of the Mitochondrial Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles by Gold: An Approach for the Mitochondrial Modulation of Cells Based on Nanomedicine

Abstract

Ceria nanoparticles are cell compatible antioxidants whose activity can be enhanced by gold deposition and by surface functionalization with positive triphenylphosphonium units to selectively target the mitochondria. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles can serve as the basis of a new strategy for the treatment of several disorders exhibiting oxidative stress, such as cancer, diabetes or Alzheimer’s disease. However, all of these pathologies require a specific antioxidant according with their mechanism to remove oxidant species excess in cells and diminish their effect on mitochondrial function. The mechanism through which ceria nanoparticles neutralize oxidative stress and their effect on mitochondrial function have not been characterized yet. In the present study, the mitochondria antioxidant effect of ceria and ceria-supported gold nanoparticles, with or without triphenylphosphonium functionalization, was assessed in HeLa cells. The effect caused by ceria nanoparticles on mitochondria function in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and nuclear factor erythroid–2–like 1 (NFE2L1) was reversed by the presence of gold. Furthermore, this effect was enhanced when nanoparticles were functionalized with triphenylphosphonium. Our study illustrates how the mitochondrial antioxidant effect induced by ceria nanoparticles can be modulated by the presence of gold.

Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanoparticles Modulate Leukocyte–Endothelium Cell Interactions and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

“…In addition, the treatment with Au/CeO 2 containing 0.82 wt% Au significantly reduced ROS levels ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 9 A), pointing to a beneficial antioxidant effect in T2D. In line with our findings, the antioxidant capacity of Au/CeO 2 has been previously described in HeLa cells [ 41 ].…”

Movement of Mitochondria with Mutant DNA through Extracellular Vesicles Helps Cancer Cells Acquire Chemoresistance

“…Size determination was performed as described before [41] . In brief, freshly sub‐fractionated EVs (0.5 μg μL −1 ) were diluted (1 : 1000) in deionised water and 10 spectra were recorded for each fraction from three biological replicates at 25 °C using DelsaMax Pro light scattering analyser (Backman Coulter Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA).…”

The new Schiff‐base complex of copper(II) grafted on mesoporous KIT‐6 as an effective nanostructure catalyst for the homoselective synthesis of various tetrazoles

“…First, we dissolved (10 mmol 1.499 g) of sodium iodide in dry acetone and then added the same ratio of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (10 mmol, 1.987 g) dropwise to the reaction mixture and mixed it by stirring under reflux conditions overnight. The precipitate of sodium chloride was filtered and the 3-Iodopropyltrimthoxylane product was obtained as a yellow liquid 58,59 (Scheme 2), which was characterized using NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies.…”