Alteration of the immune cell profiles in the pathophysiology of tubal ectopic pregnancy

Abstract

Tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) refers to implantation of conceptus in the fallopian tube. It makes up over 98% of ectopic pregnancy (EP), which is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. Immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface play important roles in the process of embryo implantation, stroma decidualization, and early placental development. Alterations in the composition, phenotype, and activity of the immune cells in the fallopian tubes contribute toward the onset of TEP. In this review, we compare the leukocytic proportions in decidua of normal pregnancy, and in decidua and fallopian tubes of TEP. The possible functions of these immune cells in the pathophysiology of TEP are also discussed. K E Y W O R D Sfallopian tube, macrophages, natural killer cell, T cell, tubal ectopic pregnancy

The Role of Interleukin in Ectopic Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

“…Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the implantation of an embryo outside the eutopic cavity with the most location of EP is in the fallopian tube (FT), known as tubal EP (TEP). TEP is one of the most causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester [1], [2], [3], [4]. The incidence of TEP is approximately 1-2% of all pregnancies in the US and Europe.…”

“…The incidence of TEP is approximately 1-2% of all pregnancies in the US and Europe. In developing countries, the incident rate of TEP is higher and the mortality rate is about 10% [1], [5], [6], [7].…”

“…Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced by paracrine signaling from the embryo, characterize the endometrium during early implantation and are responsible for the activation of the proteins for embryo receptivity, adhesion, and trophoblast invasion. Interleukin (IL)-11 is obligatory for adequate decidualization and trophoblast invasion [1], [8], [9]. In the FT, pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by tubal damage from infection and/or smoking are believed to cause upregulation of cytokines that promote embryo receptivity, leading to EP.…”

Efficacy and safety of laparoscopy versus local injection with absolute ethanol in the management of tubal ectopic pregnancy

“…Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the implantation of a blastocyst outside of the uterus body, which occurs in 1–2% of pregnant women; However, it may seriously compromise health and future fertility of the patients [1,2]. EPs may present in cervix, cornual region, ovary, splenic flexure, and the most common location is the fallopian tube, which accounts for more than 90% of cases [3]. The routine use of transvaginal ultrasound scanning and dynamic monitoring human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone (P4) levels during early pregnancy leads to a better diagnosis of EPs [4].…”

Morphofunctional Organization of the Uterine Tubes in the Conditions of Pathology

“…Дані фахової літератури вказують також на важливу роль епітелію і війкового транспорту у виникненні ектопічної вагітності та безпліддя. Патологія миготливого епітелію призводить до руйнування епітеліальних клітин, втрати війок, зниження частоти і координації "биття" рухів війок, порушення адгезивної здатності до клітин кумулюса, що також може бути причиною запалення, яке призводить до склерозу, деформації просвіту і порушення прохідності маткової труби, що найбільш виражено в її перешийку [52]. Такої думки дотримуються ряд інших авторів, за даними яких, під час ураження слизової оболонки маткової труби порушується функція війчастих клітин, які відіграють важливу роль у захопленні і транспорті яйцеклітини по матковій трубі [53].…”