Alteration in mononuclear cell subpopulations in dogs immunized with gentamicin-attenuated<i>Leishmania infantum</i>

Daneshvar, Hamid; Sedghy, Farnaz; Dabiri, Shahriar; Kamiabi, Hossein; Molaei, Mohammad Mahdi; Phillips, Stephen; Burchmore, Richard

doi:10.1017/s0031182012001187

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…[6,7,16] However, an association between production of NO and increased apoptosis of PBMC cells and splenic leukocytes was not observed in dogs with VL in this study, suggesting that the process of cell death is triggered by other means as previously described, sFAS, sFASL and caspase-3 are increased in splenic extracts from dogs infected with VL [7], and mFAS and mFASL levels were also increased in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the blood and splenic cells of dogs with VL. [16] The frequency of CD14 + cells, a phenotypic marker for canine macrophages [28], was higher in PBMC and spleen leukocytes of infected dogs confirming previous studies. An increase in CD14 + cells was also observed in the peripheral blood of dogs with VL [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Martini

Andrade

Almeida

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the death of the Leishmania parasite and regulation of apoptosis. We quantified the frequency of cells producing NO and its levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), leukocytes from spleen in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) symptomatic dogs and correlated NO levels with apoptosis and parasite load in the spleen. The percentage of NO+ cells and CD14+/NO+ was higher in PBMC and spleen cells in infected dogs than in controls. The levels of NO+ and CD14+/NO+ cells was higher in PBMC, but lower spleen of dogs infected than compared to control. Late apoptosis rates increased in PBMC and spleen of infected dogs compared to controls, and the NO levels and apoptosis not showed correlation. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of cells producing NO in the spleen and parasite load. The NO participates in the immune response in the canine VL, but it is not apoptosis inducer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Martini

Andrade

Almeida

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…The progression of leishmaniosis in dogs is associated with humoral response and depression of cellular immunity [27]. We previously reported that L. infantum H-line induced a CD4 + Th1 response which was characterized by the production of relatively higher levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-10 compared with those in the dogs infected with wild-type parasite [18], [19]. In contrast to L. infantum WT, the attenuated parasite was unable to multiply and survive in the visceral organs of immunized dogs [17] and remained localized in the skin at the site where the promastigotes were injected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the attenuated line failed to spread to, and within, the visceral organs of BALB/c mice and dogs over a 12 week observation period [17] . Immunohistochemical investigation showed no parasites in the popliteal lymph node (PLN) of immunized dogs whereas there were parasites in the PLN of 60% of dogs infected with L. infantum WT [18] . No clinical signs and histopathological abnormalities were found in the dogs immunized with the attenuated line of parasite over 2 years post-immunization [17] , [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gentamicin-Attenuated Leishmania infantum Vaccine: Protection of Dogs against Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis in Endemic Area of Southeast of Iran

et al. 2014

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An attenuated line of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum H-line) has been established by culturing promastigotes in vitro under gentamicin pressure. A vaccine trial was conducted using 103 naive dogs from a leishmaniosis non-endemic area (55 vaccinated and 48 unvaccinated) brought into an endemic area of southeast Iran. No local and/or general indications of disease were observed in the vaccinated dogs immediately after vaccination. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after 24 months (4 sandfly transmission seasons) by serological, parasitological analyses and clinical examination. In western blot analysis of antibodies to L. infantum antigens, sera from 10 out of 31 (32.2%) unvaccinated dogs, but none of the sera from vaccinated dogs which were seropositive at >100, recognized the 21 kDa antigen of L. infantum wild-type (WT). Nine out of 31 (29%) unvaccinated dogs, but none of vaccinated dogs, were positive for the presence of Leishmania DNA. One out of 46 (2.2%) vaccinated dogs and 9 out of 31 (29%) unvaccinated dogs developed clinical signs of disease. These results suggest that gentamicin-attenuated L. infantum induced a significant and strong protective effect against canine visceral leishmaniosis in the endemic area.

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“…Comparing dogs infected with either WT L. infantum or gentamicin-attenuated L. infantum H-line, no pathological abnormalities were observed in the latter group, which induced significantly higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 levels with the highest levels of IgG2 subclass in their sera (37). Also, proliferation of mononuclear cells is associated with cellular immunity in immunized dogs (38). However, in addition to the difficulty of large-scale production of these physically attenuated vaccines and their delivery to the field in appropriate conditions, the major drawback is their loss of effectiveness for protective immunity due to their inability to form sub-clinical infection and express critical antigen epitopes (30) (Table 2).…”

Section: Live Chemically Attenuated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Vaccination Tactics: Possible Approaches for Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis

2014

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Vaccination with durable immunity is the main goal and fundamental to control leishmaniasis. To stimulate the immune response, small numbers of parasites are necessary to be presented in the mammalian host. Similar to natural course of infection, strategy using live vaccine is more attractive when compared to other approaches. Live vaccines present the whole spectrum of antigens to the host immune system in the absence of any adjuvant. Leishmanization was the first effort for live vaccination and currently used in a few countries against cutaneous leishmaniasis, in spite of their obstacle and safety. Then, live attenuated vaccines developed with similar promotion of creating long-term immunity in the host with lower side effect. Different examples of attenuated strains are generated through long-term in vitro culturing, culturing under drug pressure, temperature sensitivity, and chemical mutagenesis, but none is safe enough and their revision to virulent form is possible. Attenuation through genetic manipulation and disruption of virulence factors or essential enzymes for intracellular survival are among other approaches that are intensively under study. Other designs to develop live vaccines for visceral form of leishmaniasis are utilization of live avirulent microorganisms such as Lactococcus lactis, Salmonella enterica, and Leishmania tarentolae called as vectored vaccine. Apparently, these vaccines are intrinsically safer and can harbor the candidate antigens in their genome through different genetic manipulation and create more potential to control Leishmania parasite as an intracellular pathogen.

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Alteration in mononuclear cell subpopulations in dogs immunized with gentamicin-attenuatedLeishmania infantum

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Gentamicin-Attenuated Leishmania infantum Vaccine: Protection of Dogs against Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis in Endemic Area of Southeast of Iran

Live Vaccination Tactics: Possible Approaches for Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis

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