Alteration in chromogranin A, obestatin and total ghrelin levels of saliva and serum in epilepsy cases

Ghrelin Regulation in Epilepsy

“…However, the question whether higher nesfatin-1 and lower ghrelin levels are a root cause of epilepsy or epilepsy modulates them has not been answered yet (Aydin et al, 2009). Similar results were reported by Dag and co-workers who showed that serum chromogranin A and obestatin were up-regulated whereas serum total ghrelin were downregulated in epileptic patients previously or currently treated with drugs, with salivary hormone concentrations resembling those in serum (Dag et al, 2010). Chromogranin A is an acidic glycoprotein located in the secretary vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells (Hendy et al, 1995), actually known as a stress indicator (Zheng & Moritani, 2008).…”

“…The exact mechanism of the relationship between ghrelin and obestatin has not been completely explained, in particular in epileptic patients. An important unresolved question is why ghrelin and obestatin levels do not show parallel decrements or increments since they are products of the same gene (Dag et al, 2010). However, also these data supported that ghrelin levels are reduced in epilepsy and that saliva might be a good alternative for measuring these hormones in the diagnosis and follow-up of epilepsy (Dag et al, 2010).…”

“…A relationship between ghrelin and epilepsy has been demonstrated in animal and human models, although the results are still controversial (Dag et al, 2010). Some studies suggested an anticonvulsant effect of ghrelin.…”

“…An important unresolved question is why ghrelin and obestatin levels do not show parallel decrements or increments since they are products of the same gene (Dag et al, 2010). However, also these data supported that ghrelin levels are reduced in epilepsy and that saliva might be a good alternative for measuring these hormones in the diagnosis and follow-up of epilepsy (Dag et al, 2010). In addition, some authors found reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol serum levels in epileptic patients (Aydin et al, 2009;Dag et al, 2010); so a parallel decrease both in ghrelin and HDL-cholesterol concentrations may be expected, because ghrelin is a HDLcholesterol-associated hormone (Beaumont et al, 2003).…”

Inactivation of the Constitutively Active Ghrelin Receptor Attenuates Limbic Seizure Activity in Rodents

“…Recently ghrelin has been investigated with respect to its potential role in epilepsy. Data from human studies in this area are conflicting, with some studies concluding either increased [15,16] or decreased [17][18][19][20][21][22] plasma levels of ghrelin in epileptic patients. Rodent studies are more consistent, with the majority of studies indicating that ghrelin shows an anticonvulsant action in different models [10,[23][24][25], but its mechanism of action is unknown.…”